ArticleOncotarget2016
Lovastatin lactone elicits human lung cancer cell apoptosis via a COX-2/PPARγ-dependent pathway.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Red yeast rice with monacolin K for the improvement of hyperlipidemia: A narrative review.World journal of clinical cases · 2025Review
- BUB1-based risk model predicts prostate cancer prognosis and reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Simvastatin suppresses spinal cord metastasis of medulloblastoma at clinically significant doses.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Unsupervised discovery of clinical disease signatures using probabilistic independence.Journal of biomedical informatics · 2025Article
- A Cross-Talk about Radioresistance in Lung Cancer-How to Improve Radiosensitivity According to Chinese Medicine and Medicaments That Commonly Occur in Pharmacies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Simvastatin Improves Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Role of Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ and Classic WNT/β-Catenin Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Drug Repurposing in Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Old Solutions for New Problems.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Repurposed Drugs in Gastric Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of Statins on Lung Cancer Molecular Pathways: A Possible Therapeutic Role.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Inhibitory effect of lovastatin on human lung cancer cell proliferation by regulating the ERK1/2 and COX-2 pathways.Translational cancer research · 2022Article
- Review
- The role of statins in lung cancer.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Article
- Thymoquinone-Loaded Soy-Phospholipid-Based Phytosomes Exhibit Anticancer Potential against Human Lung Cancer Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- Serum COX-2 and FOXO3a in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and correlation with disease activity.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Medulloblastoma malignant biological behaviors are associated with HOTAIR/miR-483-3p/CDK4 axis.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Eriocitrin alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in cerebral ischemia reperfusion rats by regulating phosphorylation levels of Nrf2/NQO-1/HO-1/NF-κB p65 proteins.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Targeting SREBP-2-Regulated Mevalonate Metabolism for Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- RETRACTED: Encapsulation of Lovastatin in Zein Nanoparticles Exhibits Enhanced Apoptotic Activity in HepG2 Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- miR-26b Mimic Inhibits Glioma Proliferation In Vitro and In Vivo Suppressing COX-2 Expression.Oncology research · 2019Article
- Curbing Lipids: Impacts ON Cancer and Viral Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A [HMG-CoA] reductase inhibitors) are well-established agents to treat hyperlipidemic states. Experimental and epidemiological evidence further implies an anticancer effect of these substances. This study investigates the mechanism underlying human lung cancer cell death by lovastatin and the role of the prostaglandin (PG)-synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in this process. In A549 and H358 lung carcinoma cells the lipophilic prodrug lovastatin lactone led to a concentration-dependent decrease of viability and induction of DNA fragmentation, whereas its HMG-CoA-inhibitory, ring-open acid form was inactive in this respect. Apoptotic cell death by lovastatin was accompanied by high intracellular levels of the lactone form, by upregulation of COX-2 mRNA and protein, as well as by increased formation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-activating PGD2 and 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2. Cells were significantly less sensitive to lovastatin-induced apoptotic cell death, when the expression or activity of COX-2 was suppressed by siRNA or by the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398. Apoptosis by lovastatin was likewise reversed by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Fluorescence microscopy analyses revealed a lovastatin-induced cytosol-to-nucleus translocation of PPARγ that was inhibited by NS-398. Collectively, this study demonstrates COX-2 induction and subsequent COX-2-dependent activation of PPARγ as a hitherto unknown mechanism by which lovastatin lactone induces human lung cancer cell death.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.