Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016
Sodium Intake and Osteoporosis. Findings From the Women's Health Initiative.
Abstract readObservational Study
In one paragraph
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- High salt intake and bone health in postmenopausal women: exposing the lack of studies - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- More evidence that salt increases blood pressure and risk of kidney disease from the Science of Salt: A regularly updated systematic review of salt and health outcomes (April-July 2016).Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of salt substitution on fracture-a secondary analysis of the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS).BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Adding salt to foods, genetic susceptibility, and risk of incident osteoporosis.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2026Article
- Excess dietary salt is associated with an altered bone strain index, degraded bone microarchitecture, vertebral fractures, and increased prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women-A study from a teaching hospital in southern India.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2024Article
- Role of Nutrition in the Management of Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Diversity in Elemental Content in Selected Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) Species from Gilgit-Baltistan Region of Pakistan Based on Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-AES).Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- The association between dietary sodium intake and osteoporosis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Dietary Reference Intakes of sodium for Koreans: focusing on a new DRI component for chronic disease risk reduction.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Review
- Dietary sodium and health: How much is too much for those with orthostatic disorders?Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2022Review
- Prevention and management of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures in persons with a spinal cord injury or disorder: A systematic scoping review.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2019Article
- The Influence of Dietary Salt Beyond Blood Pressure.Current hypertension reports · 2019Review
- High dietary sodium intake is associated with low bone mass in postmenopausal women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008-2011.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2017Article
- Not Salt But Sugar As Aetiological In Osteoporosis: A Review.Missouri medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Laura CarboneDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Karen C JohnsonDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Ying HuangDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Mary PettingerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Fridjtof ThomasDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Jane CauleyDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Carolyn CrandallDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Lesley TinkerDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Meryl Susan LeBoffDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Jean Wactawski-WendeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Monique BethelDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Wenjun LiDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Ross PrenticeDepartment of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology (L.C., M.B.), Medical College of Georgia-Augusta University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center (L.C., M.B.), Augusta, GA 30912; Department of Preventive Medicine (K.C.J., F.T.), University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163; Division of Public Health Sciences (Y.H., M.P., L.T., R.P.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109; Department of Epidemiology (J.C.), Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; David Geffen School of Medicine (C.C.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine (M.S.L.), Harvard University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health (J.W.-W.), University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214; and Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine (W.L.), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.
Funding
Nutrition and Physical Activity Assessment Study (NPAAS)R01CA119171 · NCI · FRED HUTCHINSON CANCER RESEARCH CENTER · PI Marian L Neuhouser · 2006 to 2026
$14.3MNCI NIH HHS R01 CA119171NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004INHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268201100046CNIA NIH HHS HHSN271201100004CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100001CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100002CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100003CWHI NIH HHS HHSN268201100004C
Abstract
In this large, prospective, observational cohort study of postmenopausal women in the WHI, Cox proportional hazard regression models showed that sodium intake at or near recommended levels is not likely to impact bone metabolism.
Indexed as
Women's HealthAgedBone and BonesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSodium, DietaryUnited StatesSodium, Dietary
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.