Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26862431›Full record

ArticleNew microbes and new infections2016

Persistence of nasal colonization with human pathogenic bacteria and associated antimicrobial resistance in the German general population.

R Köck, P Werner, A W Friedrich, C Fegeler, K Becker, Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms (PMM) Study Group, Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms PMM Study Group

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in New microbes and new infections, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Occupational Infection Risk with Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in Health Personnel-A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Nasal microbiome inhabitants with anti-Microbiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
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  9. Article
  10. [Therapy-relevant antibiotic resistances in a One Health context].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023
    Review
  11. Whole-genome sequencing analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  12. Local Epidemiology of NosocomialAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. The Other Obesity Epidemic-Of Drugs and Bugs.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

R KöckUniversity Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany.
P WernerUniversity Heilbronn, GECKO Institute of Medicine, Informatics and Economy, Heilbronn, Germany.
A W FriedrichUniversity Hospital Groningen, Department for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Groningen, The Netherlands.
C FegelerUniversity Heilbronn, GECKO Institute of Medicine, Informatics and Economy, Heilbronn, Germany.
K BeckerUniversity Hospital Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany.
Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms (PMM) Study Group
Prevalence of Multiresistant Microorganisms PMM Study Group
University Hospital Münster · DEHeilbronn University · DEUniversity Medical Center Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The nares represent an important bacterial reservoir for endogenous infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of nasal colonization by different important pathogens, the associated antimicrobial susceptibility and risk factors. We performed a prospective cohort study among 1878 nonhospitalized volunteers recruited from the general population in Germany. Participants provided nasal swabs at three time points (each separated by 4-6 months). Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae and important nonfermenters were cultured and subjected to susceptibility testing. Factors potentially influencing bacterial colonization patterns were assessed. The overall prevalence of S. aureus, Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters was 41.0, 33.4 and 3.7%, respectively. Thirteen participants (0.7%) were colonized with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Enterobacteriaceae were mostly (>99%) susceptible against ciprofloxacin and carbapenems (100%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates were not detected among Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Several lifestyle- and health-related factors (e.g. household size, travel, livestock density of the residential area or occupational livestock contact, atopic dermatitis, antidepressant or anti-infective drugs) were associated with colonization by different microorganisms. This study unexpectedly demonstrated high nasal colonization rates with Enterobacteriaceae in the German general population, but rates of antibiotic resistance were low. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus carriage was rare but highly associated with occupational livestock contact.

Indexed as

CommunityESBLGermanylivestockMRSAnosepigsriskurban

Identifiers

PMID26862431
PMCPMC4706603
OpenAlexW2216772383

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.