ArticlePublic health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
Costs of Expanded Rapid HIV Testing in Four Emergency Departments.
Article in Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01152918 (TLC-Plus), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TLC-Plus: A Study to Evaluate the Feasibility of an Enhanced Test, Link to Care, Plus Treat Approach for HIV Prevention in the United States
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Law to Practice, Emergency Department Leaders' Experiences With Universal HIV Testing in New York City: A Qualitative Research Brief.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC · 2026Article
- Cost and cost-effectiveness of online recruitment to increase HIV self-testing among Black and Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men in the United States, 2020-2021.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- Financing Benefits and Barriers to Routine HIV Screening in Clinical Settings in the United States: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in the United States : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Annals of internal medicine · 2022Article
- The Value and Challenge of Frequent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Cost-effectiveness of Frequent HIV Screening Among High-risk Young Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Cost-Effectiveness Analysis in Implementation Science: a Research Agenda and Call for Wider Application.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2021Review
- Unique Needs for the Implementation of Emergency Department Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening in Adolescents.Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine · 2020Article
- Expanding Hospital Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing in the Bronx, New York and Washington, District of Columbia: Results From the HPTN 065 Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- The Optimal Age for Screening Adolescents and Young Adults Without Identified Risk Factors for HIV.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2018Article
- The Clinical and Economic Impact of Attaining National HIV/AIDS Strategy Treatment Targets in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Routine Screening for HIV Infection in Medical Care Settings: A Decade of Progress and Next Opportunities.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 065 trial sought to expand HIV screening of emergency department (ED) patients in Bronx, New York, and Washington, D.C. This study assessed the testing costs associated with different expansion processes and compared them with costs of a hypothetical optimized process.
methodsMicro-costing studies were conducted in two participating EDs in each city that switched from point-of-care (POC) to rapid-result laboratory testing. In three EDs, laboratory HIV testing was only conducted for patients having blood drawn for clinical reasons; in the other ED, all HIV testing was conducted with laboratory testing. Costs were estimated through direct observation and interviews to document process flows, time estimates, and labor and materials costs. A hypothetical optimized process flow used minimum time estimates for each process step. National wage and fringe rates and local reagent costs were used to determine the average cost (excluding overhead) per completed nonreactive and reactive test in 2013 U.S. dollars.
resultsLaboratory HIV testing costs in the EDs ranged from $17.00 to $23.83 per completed nonreactive test, and POC testing costs ranged from $17.64 to $37.60; cost per completed reactive test ranged from $89.29 to $123.17. Costs of hypothetical optimized HIV testing with automated process steps were approximately 45% lower for nonreactive tests and 20% lower for reactive tests. The cost per ED visit to conduct expanded HIV testing in each hospital ranged from $1.21 to $3.96.
conclusionAn optimized process could achieve additional cost savings but would require an investment in electronic system interfaces to further automate testing processes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.