ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Biological and Chemical Removal of Primary Cilia Affects Mechanical Activation of Chondrogenesis Markers in Chondroprogenitors and Hypertrophic Chondrocytes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting mechanotransduction components as therapeutic strategies in osteoarthritis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Mechanism by which mechanical stimulation regulates chondrocyte apoptosis and matrix metabolism via primary cilia to delay osteoarthritis progression.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2025Article
- Primary Cilia: The New Face of Craniofacial Research.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- PTH1R translocation to primary cilia in mechanically-stimulated ostecytes prevents osteoclast formation via regulation of CXCL5 and IL-6 secretion.Journal of cellular physiology · 2022Article
- Biophysical Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation in the Context of Skeletal Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Role of Primary Cilia in Bone and Cartilage.Journal of dental research · 2022Article
- Oligodendroglial primary cilium heterogeneity during development and demyelination/remyelination.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- FFAR4: A New Player in Cardiometabolic Disease?Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Article
- The Primary Cilium on Cells of Developing Skeletal Rudiments; Distribution, Characteristics and Response to Mechanical Stimulation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Primary cilia: Versatile regulator in cartilage development.Cell proliferation · 2020Review
- Article
- Cigarette Smoke Induces the Risk of Metabolic Bone Diseases: Transforming Growth Factor Beta Signaling Impairment via Dysfunctional Primary Cilia Affects Migration, Proliferation, and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Primary cilia are necessary for Prx1-expressing cells to contribute to postnatal skeletogenesis.Journal of cell science · 2018Article
- Origin of Reparative Stem Cells in Fracture Healing.Current osteoporosis reports · 2018Review
- The primary cilium as a signaling nexus for growth plate function and subsequent skeletal development.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2018Review
- High hydrostatic pressure induces pro-osteoarthritic changes in cartilage precursor cells: A transcriptome analysis.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chondroprogenitors and hypertrophic chondrocytes, which are the first and last stages of the chondrocyte differentiation process, respectively, are sensitive to mechanical signals. We hypothesize that the mechanical sensitivity of these cells depends on the cell surface primary cilia. To test this hypothesis, we removed the primary cilia by biological means with transfection with intraflagellar transport protein 88 (IFT88) siRNA or by chemical means with chloral hydrate treatment. Transfection of IFT88 siRNA significantly reduced the percentage of ciliated cells in both chondroprogenitor ATDC5 cells as well as primary hypertrophic chondrocytes. Cyclic loading (1 Hz, 10% matrix deformation) of ATDC5 cells in three-dimensional (3D) culture stimulates the mRNA levels of chondrogenesis marker Type II collagen (Col II), hypertrophic chondrocyte marker Type X collagen (Col X), and a molecular regulator of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2). The reduction of ciliated chondroprogenitors abolishes mechanical stimulation of Col II, Col X, and BMP-2. In contrast, cyclic loading stimulates Col X mRNA levels in hypertrophic chondrocytes, but not those of Col II and BMP-2. Both biological and chemical reduction of ciliated hypertrophic chondrocytes reduced but failed to abolish mechanical stimulation of Col X mRNA levels. Thus, primary cilia play a major role in mechanical stimulation of chondrogenesis and chondrocyte hypertrophy in chondroprogenitor cells and at least a partial role in hypertrophic chondrocytes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.