ReviewImmunology and cell biology2016
The molecular mechanisms of TLR-signaling cooperation in cytokine regulation.
Review in Immunology and cell biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Iterative selection of lipid nanoparticle vaccine adjuvants for rapid elicitation of tumoricidal CD8⁺ T cells.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Targeting toll-like receptors: unveiling potential therapeutic strategies for deep vein thrombosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Insect Defensin DLP4 AgainstPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Dual-directional regulation of spinal cord injury and the gut microbiota.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- Regulation of Inflammation by IRAK-M Pathway Can Be Associated with nAchRalpha7 Activation and COVID-19.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Local therapy with combination TLR agonists stimulates systemic anti-tumor immunity and sensitizes tumors to immune checkpoint blockade.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Viral recognition and the antiviral interferon response.The EMBO journal · 2023Review
- Regulatory cells and the effect of cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2023Review
- Identification of novel lactic acid bacteria with enhanced protective effects against influenza virus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Receptor-Ligand Kinetics Influence the Mechanism of Action of Covalently Linked TLR Ligands.ACS chemical biology · 2021Article
- Role of astroglial toll-like receptors (TLRs) in central nervous system infections, injury and neurodegenerative diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2021Review
- MicroRNA-181b-2 and MicroRNA-21-1 Negatively Regulate NF-κB and IRF3-Mediated Innate Immune ResponsesFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Total C-21 Steroidal Glycosides FromFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- CD169+ Subcapsular Macrophage Role in Antigen Adjuvant Activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Effect of Toll-like receptor 4 on depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress.Brain and behavior · 2020Article
- LPS-Inducible lncRNA TMC3-AS1 Negatively Regulates the Expression of IL-10.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Toll-Like Receptor Ligand Based Adjuvant, PorB, Increases Antigen Deposition on Germinal Center Follicular Dendritic Cells While Enhancing the Follicular Dendritic Cells Network.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Critical Role of B Cells in Toll-Like Receptor 7-Mediated Protection against Listeria monocytogenes Infection.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Isoforskolin and forskolin attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB cascades in human mononuclear leukocytes.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Innate immune cells recognize pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), and activation of PRRs induces downstream signaling pathways to mount appropriate immune responses. Pathogens usually carry multiple ligands, which can simultaneously activate multiple PRRs. The cooperation of multiple PRRs and consequential crosstalk between their downstream pathways could enhance cytokine expression, which is required for effective immune responses. On the other hand, immune over-activation could also harm the host if immune homeostasis is not restored. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanisms of PRR cooperation during an infection. As the best characterized PRRs, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in pathogen recognition, and crosstalk among TLRs is common. In this review, we provide an update on the recent findings on the mechanisms of TLR cooperation. We summarize the known mechanisms and provide a future perspective on TLR crosstalk study, with a caution against the use of multiple TLR ligands as adjuvants in therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.