ArticleJournal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology2016
Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder and Bipolar Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: Fraternal or Identical Twins?
Article in Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic instruments for the assessment of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: a systematic review of the literature.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Autistic Symptoms and Empathy in Adolescents With Disruptive Mood Dysregulation and Those With Bipolar Disorders.International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Effect of Parental-Child Age Gaps and Skipped-Generation Families on Comorbidities Related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Is Irritability a Top Problem in Youth Mental Health Care? A Multi-informant, Multi-method Investigation.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Article
- Development and Initial Validation of the Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Questionnaire Among Adolescents From Clinic Settings.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- How and Why Are Irritability and Depression Linked?Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Article
- The Clinician Affective Reactivity Index: Validity and Reliability of a Clinician-Rated Assessment of Irritability.Behavior therapy · 2020Article
- A multimethod screening approach for pediatric depression onset: An incremental validity study.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2019Article
- Issues on the diagnosis and etiopathogenesis of mood disorders: reconsidering DSM-5.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2018Review
- The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research.Bipolar disorders · 2017Review
- Irritability in Children and Adolescents.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2017Review
- Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: current insights.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine similarities and differences between disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD) and bipolar disorder not otherwise specified (BP-NOS) in baseline sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and 36 month course of irritability in children 6-12.9 years of age.
methodsA total of 140 children with DMDD and 77 children with BP-NOS from the Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms cohort were assessed at baseline, then reassessed every 6 months for 36 months.
resultsGroups were similar on most sociodemographic and baseline clinical variables other than most unfiltered (i.e., interviewer-rated regardless of occurrence during a mood episode) Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and parent-reported General Behavior Inventory-10 Item Mania (PGBI-10M) items. Children with DMDD received lower scores on every item (including irritability) except impaired insight; differences were significant except for sexual interest and disruptive-aggressive behavior. Children with DMDD received lower scores on eight of 10 PGBI-10M items, the other two items rated irritability. Youth with DMDD were significantly less likely to have a biological parent with a bipolar diagnosis than were youth with BP-NOS. Children with DMDD were more likely to be male and older than children with BP-NOS, both small effect sizes, but had nearly double the rate of disruptive behavior disorders (large effect). Caregiver ratings of irritability based on the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-4R (CASI-4R) were comparable at baseline; the DMDD group had a small but significantly steeper decline in scores over 36 months relative to the BP-NOS group (b = -0.24, SE = 0.12, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.0004). Trajectories for both groups were fairly stable, in the midrange of possible scores.
conclusionsIn a sample selected for elevated symptoms of mania, twice as many children were diagnosed with DMDD than with BP-NOS. Children with DMDD and BP-NOS are similar on most characteristics other than manic symptoms, per se, and parental history of bipolar disorder. Chronic irritability is common in both groups. Comprehensive evaluations are needed to diagnose appropriately. Clinicians should not assume that chronic irritability leads exclusively to a DMDD diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.