ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2015
Evaluation of Intrastromal Riboflavin Concentration in Human Corneas after Three Corneal Cross-Linking Imbibition Procedures: A Pilot Study.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Variation in corneal biomechanical properties following continuous cross-linking treatment.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2026Article
- Transepithelial corneal cross-linking: a review.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Current clinical practice in corneal crosslinking for treatment of progressive keratoconus in four Nordic countries.Acta ophthalmologica · 2023Article
- Progressive high-fluence epithelium-on accelerated corneal crosslinking: a novel corneal photodynamic therapy for early progressive keratoconus.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Transepithelial Enhanced Fluence Pulsed Light M Accelerated Crosslinking for Early Progressive Keratoconus with Chemically Enhanced Riboflavin Solutions and Air Room Oxygen.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Chemically-Boosted Corneal Cross-Linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus through a Riboflavin 0.25% Optimized Solution with High Superoxide Anion Release.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Effect of Sodium Iodide on Stromal Loading, Distribution and Degradation of Riboflavin in a Rabbit Model of Transepithelial Corneal Crosslinking.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking for corneal ectasia.Journal of cataract and refractive surgery · 2018Review
- Standard, transepithelial and iontophoresis corneal cross-linking: clinical analysis of three surgical techniques.International ophthalmology · 2018Article
- Efficacy of iontophoresis-assisted epithelium-on corneal cross-linking for keratoconus.International journal of ophthalmology · 2018Review
- Iontophoresis-assisted corneal crosslinking using 0.1% riboflavin for progressive keratoconus.International journal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Systematic review and Meta-analysis comparing modified cross-linking and standard cross-linking for progressive keratoconus.International journal of ophthalmology · 2017Article
- Corneal Haze and Densitometry in Keratoconus after Collagen Cross-Linking by Three Different Protocols.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose. To compare stromal riboflavin concentration after three corneal cross-linking (CXL) imbibition procedures: standard (EpiOff), transepithelial corneal (EpiOn), and iontophoresis-assisted technique (Ionto) using 0.1% hypotonic riboflavin phosphate. Methods. Randomized open-label pilot clinical study. Twelve corneas/12 patients with advanced keratoconus were randomly divided into 4 groups for CXL (n = 3). The corneas underwent imbibition with standard riboflavin EpiOff and with enhanced riboflavin solution (RICROLIN+) EpiOff, EpiOn, and iontophoresis techniques. Thereafter, deep anterior lamellar keratectomy procedure was performed and the obtained debrided corneal tissues were frozen. The maximal intrastromal riboflavin concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (mcg/dg). Results. The mean stromal concentration of riboflavin was 2.02 ± 0.72 mcg/dg in EpiOff group, 4.33 ± 0.12 mcg/g in EpiOff-RICROLIN+ group, 0.63 ± 0.21 mcg/dg in EpiOn-RICROLIN+ group, and 1.15 ± 0.27 mcg/dg in iontophoresis RICROLIN+ group. A 7-fold decrease in intrastromal riboflavin concentration was observed comparing EpiOn-RICROLIN+ and EpiOff-RICROLIN+ groups. Conclusion. The present pilot study indicates that both transepithelial CXL techniques in combination with hypotonic enhanced riboflavin formulation (RICROLIN+) were still inferior to the standard CXL technique; however, larger clinical studies to further validate the results are needed and in progress.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.