ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Card9- and MyD88-Mediated Gamma Interferon and Nitric Oxide Production Is Essential for Resistance to Subcutaneous Coccidioides posadasii Infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dual activation of NLRP3 and pyrin inflammasomes mediates host responses to the human fungal pathogen Coccidioides.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-cell analysis of human airway epithelium identifies cell-type-specific responses tomBio · 2025Article
- From soil to clinic: current advances in understandingMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Immunity to fungi and vaccine considerations.Cell host & microbe · 2024Review
- Fungal vaccines and adjuvants: a tool to reveal the interaction between host and fungi.Archives of microbiology · 2024Review
- The Host Response to Coccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Coccidioidomycosis Granulomas Informed by Other Diseases: Advancements, Gaps, and Challenges.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Effect of Qing Chang oral liquid on the treatment of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and the cellular immunity.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- CARD9 Signaling, Inflammation, and Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Role of IL-17-Producing Cells in Cutaneous Fungal Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- The Known Unknowns of the Immune Response toJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Lipid Secretion by Parasitic Cells ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- A Review ofCurrent clinical microbiology reports · 2021Review
- CARD9-Associated Dectin-1 and Dectin-2 Are Required for Protective Immunity of a Multivalent Vaccine againstJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Host Response toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- The Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in the Pathogenesis of Endemic and Systemic Mycoses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Review
- Early Events in Coccidioidomycosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Coccidioidomycosis is a potentially life-threatening respiratory disease which is endemic to the southwestern United States and arid regions of Central and South America. It is responsible for approximately 150,000 infections annually in the United States alone. Almost every human organ has been reported to harbor parasitic cells of Coccidioides spp. in collective cases of the disseminated form of this mycosis. Current understanding of the mechanisms of protective immunity against lung infection has been largely derived from murine models of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. However, little is known about the nature of the host response to Coccidioides in extrapulmonary tissue. Primary subcutaneous coccidioidal infection is rare but has been reported to result in disseminated disease. Here, we show that activation of MyD88 and Card9 signal pathways are required for resistance to Coccidioides infection following subcutaneous challenge of C57BL/6 mice, which correlates with earlier findings of the protective response to pulmonary infection. MyD88(-/-) andCard9(-/-) mice recruited reduced numbers of T cells, B cells, and neutrophils to the Coccidioides-infected hypodermis com pared to wild-type mice; however, neutrophils were dispensable for resistance to skin infection. Further studies have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production and activation of Th1 cells characterize resistance to subcutaneous infection. Furthermore, activation of a phagosomal enzyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase, which is necessary for NO production, is a requisite for fungal clearance in the hypodermis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that MyD88- and Card9-mediated IFN-γ and nitric oxide production is essential for protection against subcutaneous Coccidioides infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.