Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26857382›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2016

Influence of physical fitness on cardio-metabolic risk factors in European children. The IDEFICS study.

M Zaqout, N Michels, K Bammann, W Ahrens, O Sprengeler, D Molnar, C Hadjigeorgiou, G Eiben, K Konstabel, P Russo and 3 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
49citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

49 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  5. Effects of total fat intake on bodyweight in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018
    Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Trial
  9. Trial
  10. Trial
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

M ZaqoutDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
N MichelsDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
K BammannInstitute for Public Health and Nursing Research, Faculty for Human and Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
W AhrensLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
O SprengelerLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
D MolnarDepartment of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
C HadjigeorgiouResearch and Education Institute of Child Health, Strovolos, Cyprus.
G EibenPublic Health Epidemiology Unit (EPI), Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
K KonstabelDepartment of Chronic Diseases, Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
P RussoUnit of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy.
D Jiménez-PavónGENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
L A MorenoGENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
S De HenauwDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim of the study was to assess the associations of individual and combined physical fitness components with single and clustering of cardio-metabolic risk factors in children. SUBJECTS/

methodsThis 2-year longitudinal study included a total of 1635 European children aged 6-11 years. The test battery included cardio-respiratory fitness (20-m shuttle run test), upper-limb strength (handgrip test), lower-limb strength (standing long jump test), balance (flamingo test), flexibility (back-saver sit-and-reach) and speed (40-m sprint test). Metabolic risk was assessed through z-score standardization using four components: waist circumference, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), blood lipids (triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment). Mixed model regression analyses were adjusted for sex, age, parental education, sugar and fat intake, and body mass index.

resultsPhysical fitness was inversely associated with clustered metabolic risk (P<0.001). All coefficients showed a higher clustered metabolic risk with lower physical fitness, except for upper-limb strength (β=0.057; P=0.002) where the opposite association was found. Cardio-respiratory fitness (β=-0.124; P<0.001) and lower-limb strength (β=-0.076; P=0.002) were the most important longitudinal determinants. The effects of cardio-respiratory fitness were even independent of the amount of vigorous-to-moderate activity (β=-0.059; P=0.029). Among all the metabolic risk components, blood pressure seemed not well predicted by physical fitness, while waist circumference, blood lipids and insulin resistance all seemed significantly predicted by physical fitness.

conclusionPoor physical fitness in children is associated with the development of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Based on our results, this risk might be modified by improving mainly cardio-respiratory fitness and lower-limb muscular strength.

Indexed as

Blood PressureBody Mass IndexCardiovascular DiseasesChildCross-Sectional StudiesEuropeExercise TestFemaleHealth SurveysHumansInsulin ResistanceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMuscle StrengthObesityPhysical Fitness

Identifiers

PMID26857382

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.