Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26857241›Full record

ReviewTissue engineering. Part B, Reviews2016

A Review of the Clinical Side Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.

Aaron W James, Gregory LaChaud, Jia Shen, Greg Asatrian, Vi Nguyen, Xinli Zhang, Kang Ting, Chia Soo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 588 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
588citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
34.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

588 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,060 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. iScience · 2026
    Article
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  20. [Adjunctive therapies in geriatric ankle fracture patients].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review

528 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aaron W James1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Gregory LaChaud1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Jia Shen2 Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Greg Asatrian2 Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Vi Nguyen3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Xinli Zhang2 Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Kang Ting2 Section of Orthodontics, Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Chia Soo1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and the Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, UCLA and Orthopaedic Hospital, University of California , Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

NELL-1 Systemic Therapy for OsteoporosisR01AR066782 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI EASLEY, JEREMIAH, TING, KANG · 2014 to 2018
$2.0M
Wnt and PPARy Signaling in Nell-1 and BMP2 Mediated Bone RegenerationR01AR061399 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SOO, CHIA · 2012 to 2016
$1.7M
NELL-1 isoforms for the systemic treatment of osteoporosisK08AR068316 · NIAMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI JAMES, AARON W · 2015 to 2019
$534k
NIAMS NIH HHS K08 AR068316NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR061399NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR066782
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved osteoinductive growth factor used as a bone graft substitute. However, with increasing clinical use of BMP-2, a growing and well-documented side effect profile has emerged. This includes postoperative inflammation and associated adverse effects, ectopic bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and inappropriate adipogenesis. Several large-scale studies have confirmed the relative frequency of adverse events associated with the clinical use of BMP-2, including life-threatening cervical spine swelling. In fact, the FDA has issued a warning of the potential life-threatening complications of BMP-2. This review summarizes the known adverse effects of BMP-2, including controversial areas such as tumorigenesis. Next, select animal models that replicate BMP-2's adverse clinical effects are discussed. Finally, potential molecules to mitigate the adverse effects of BMP-2 are reviewed. In summary, BMP-2 is a potent osteoinductive cytokine that has indeed revolutionized the bone graft substitute market; however, it simultaneously has accrued a worrisome side effect profile. Better understanding of these adverse effects among both translational scientists and clinicians will help determine the most appropriate and safe use of BMP-2 in the clinical setting.

Indexed as

AnimalsBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Bone ResorptionHumansSpinal FusionTransforming Growth Factor betaBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Transforming Growth Factor beta

Identifiers

PMID26857241
PMCPMC4964756
OpenAlexW2261324366

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.