ReviewNeuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society2016
Intrathecal Ziconotide: Dosing and Administration Strategies in Patients With Refractory Chronic Pain.
Review in Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic peptides and proteins: Status and developments in drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Functional crosstalk between neuropeptide FF system and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in ziconotide-mediated antinociception in mice.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Mirogabalin Eliminated Pain and Reduced Inflammation in Visceral Pain.Physiological research · 2026Article
- Decoding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: ion channels, disease models, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Intrathecal Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Pain Management: A Narrative Review of Pharmacologic Agents, Clinical Applications, and Considerations.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Can Ziconotide Be Used to Replace Opioids? Exploratory Clinical Experience in 5 Patients Treated in the Pain Unit.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- Covalently Binding Adenosine APurinergic signalling · 2024Article
- Omega-conotoxin MVIIA reduces neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury by inhibiting N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels on spinal dorsal horn.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research.GigaScience · 2022Article
- Article
- Intrathecal Drug Delivery: Advances and Applications in the Management of Chronic Pain Patient.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Short-Term Outcomes of a High-Volume, Low-Concentration Bolus Starting Dose Technique With Ziconotide: A Case Series.Neuromodulation : journal of the International Neuromodulation Society · 2021Article
- Uncovering the Mechanisms of Adenosine Receptor-Mediated Pain Control: Focus on the AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Intrathecal pain management with ziconotide: Time for consensus?Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Marine-Derived Secondary Metabolites as Promising Epigenetic Bio-Compounds for Anticancer Therapy.Marine drugs · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
- Intrathecal Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Review of Morphine and Ziconotide as Firstline Options.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2019Review
- Blood-Brain Barrier: From Physiology to Disease and Back.Physiological reviews · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionZiconotide is a non-opioid analgesic for intrathecal (IT) administration. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinically relevant summary of the literature on dosing and administration with IT ziconotide in the management of refractory chronic pain, and to describe novel dosing strategies intended to improve clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND
methodsA Medline search was conducted for "ziconotide," supplemented by manual searching of published bibliographies and abstracts from conferences.
resultsEarly experience with IT ziconotide in clinical trials combined with improved understanding of drug pharmacokinetics in the cerebrospinal fluid have led to a reappraisal of approaches to trialing and initiation of continuous-infusion therapy in an effort to improve tolerability. The traditional paradigm of trialing by inpatient continuous infusion may be shifting toward outpatient trialing by IT bolus, although definitions of success and specific protocols remain to be agreed upon. Expert consensus on IT continuous infusion with ziconotide suggests a starting dose of 0.5 to 1.2 mcg/day followed by dose titration of ≤0.5 mcg/day on a no more than weekly basis, according to individual patients' pain reductions and regimen tolerability. DISCUSSION: Newer modalities that include patient-controlled analgesia and nocturnal flex dosing have been shown to hold promise of further improvements in ziconotide efficacy and tolerability.
conclusionsClinical trials and experience confirm the feasibility and usefulness of IT ziconotide in the management of refractory chronic pain. Emerging evidence suggests that additional IT delivery options may further expand the usefulness and benefits of ziconotide.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.