ArticleSleep2016
K-Complexes: Interaction between the Central and Autonomic Nervous Systems during Sleep.
Article in Sleep, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cardiovascular Responses to Natural and Auditory Evoked Slow Waves Predict Post-Sleep Cardiac Function.Journal of sleep research · 2026Trial
- Closed-loop modulation of sleep in children undergoing intracranial recordings.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Sleep and cardiac autonomic modulation in older adults: Insights from an at-home study with auditory deep sleep stimulation.Journal of sleep research · 2025Trial
- Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tone-Evoked Sleep Electroencephalographic Slow Oscillations as a Function of Peripheral Rhythms: New Insights Into the Brain-Heart Integration.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Article
- Cortex-specific inversion of visual responses during sleep.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- From Therapeutic Heterogeneity to Precision Neuromodulation: Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation for Chronic Insomnia.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- Attentional failures after sleep deprivation are locked to joint neurovascular, pupil and cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics.Nature neuroscience · 2025Article
- Human deep sleep facilitates cerebrospinal fluid dynamics linked to spontaneous brain oscillations and neural events.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Pupil size reveals arousal level fluctuations in human sleep.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Optimizing automated phase-targeted auditory stimulation protocols for procedural memory consolidation during sleep in a home setting.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2025Article
- Attentional failures after sleep deprivation represent moments of cerebrospinal fluid flow.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Assessment of sleep characteristics using Fitbit Charge 4 in head and neck cancer patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy and radiotherapy: a prospective observational study.Palliative care and social practice · 2024Article
- Article
- Cardiorespiratory changes associated with micro-arousals during naps.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2023Article
- Validity of Two Consumer Multisport Activity Tracker and One Accelerometer against Polysomnography for Measuring Sleep Parameters and Vital Data in a Laboratory Setting in Sleep Patients.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Blunted heart rate recovery to spontaneous nocturnal arousals in short-sleeping adults.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesTo investigate the relationship between K-complexes (KCs) and cardiac functioning.
methodsForty healthy adolescents aged 16-22 y (19 females) participated in the study. Heart rate (HR) fluctuations associated with spontaneous and evoked KCs were investigated on two nights, one with (event-related potential night) and one without auditory tones presented across the night.
resultsThere was a clear biphasic cardiac response to evoked and spontaneous KCs, with an initial acceleration in HR followed by a deceleration (P < 0.001). HR acceleration occurred immediately to KCs in response to tones presented in the first third of the interbeat interval, but was delayed a beat when the tone occurred later in the cardiac cycle (P < 0.05). Sex differences were also evident. Pretone baseline HR was higher, and the magnitude of the HR response was blunted and delayed, in female compared to male adolescents (P < 0.001). Also, pretone baseline HR was lower when a tone elicited a KC compared to when it did not (P < 0.001), suggesting that KCs are possibly more likely to be elicited by external stimuli in states of reduced cardiac activation.
conclusionsThe strict dependency observed between KCs and cardiac control indicates a potential role of KCs in modulating the cardiovascular system during sleep. Sex differences in the KC-cardiac response indicate the sensitivity of this measure in capturing sex differences in cardiac regulatory physiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.