ArticleScientific reports2016
Fate mapping reveals that microglia and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages are definitively distinguishable by phenotype in the retina.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers.
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Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Vitreoretinal Myeloid Cell Heterogeneity: Diverse Roles in Homeostasis, Immune Surveillance, and Pathophysiology.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Pre-existing retinal inflammation exacerbates gene therapy-associated uveitis in more rapidly progressive retinal degeneration.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Müller glial and microglial responses coupled to recovery of cone photoreceptors following limited cone ablation in zebrafish retina.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacological Depletion of Retinal Mononuclear Phagocytes Is Neuroprotective in a Mouse Model of Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- The Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Probiotics on Hippocampal Inflammation and Glial Cells in a Chronic Anorexia Nervosa Rat Model.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- Selective deletion ofiScience · 2026Article
- Multi-omic spatially resolved analysis of the neuroinflammatory response to intracortical microelectrode arrays.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- TREM2 in age-related macular degeneration: a microglia-centered perspective in the retinal myeloid landscape.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2026Review
- A method for distinguishing and separating retinal microglia from infiltrating macrophages during an ocular inflammatory event.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Principles of resident tissue macrophages revealed by the eye.Advances in immunology · 2026Review
- Cryptococcus exploits delayed microglial activation, and microglial osteopontin/Spp1 impairs peripheral host control.Cell host & microbe · 2025Article
- Article
- Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signaling through Müller Glia Regulates Neuroprotection, Accumulation of Immune Cells, and Neuronal Regeneration in the Rodent Retina.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Role of Retinal Antigen-Presenting Cells in Spontaneous Retinal Autoimmunity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Epigenetic Adaptation Drives Monocyte Differentiation into Microglia-Like Cells Upon Engraftment into the Central Nervous System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The neuroimmune interface in retinal regeneration.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- Functional genomics in age-related macular degeneration: From genetic associations to understanding disease mechanisms.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Monocyte-secreted Wnt reduces the efficiency of central nervous system remyelination.PLoS biology · 2025Article
- The role of myeloid cell heterogeneity during spontaneous choroidal neovascularization in Vldlr knockout mice.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The recent paradigm shift that microglia are yolk sac-derived, not hematopoietic-derived, is reshaping our knowledge about the isolated role of microglia in CNS diseases, including degenerative conditions of the retina. However, unraveling microglial-specific functions has been hindered by phenotypic overlap of microglia with monocyte-derived macrophages. The latter are differentiated from recruited monocytes in neuroinflammation, including retina. Here we demonstrate the use of fate mapping wherein microglia and monocyte-derived cells are endogenously labeled with different fluorescent reporters. Combining this method with 12-color flow cytometry, we show that these two populations are definitively distinguishable by phenotype in retina. We prove that retinal microglia have a unique CD45(lo) CD11c(lo) F4/80(lo) I-A/I-E(-) signature, conserved in the steady state and during retinal injury. The latter was observed in the widely used light-induced retinal degeneration model and corroborated in other models, including whole-body irradiation/bone-marrow transplantation. The literature contains conflicting observations about whether microglia, including in the retina, increase expression of these markers in neuroinflammation. We show that monocyte-derived macrophages have elevated expression of these surface markers, not microglia. Our resolution of such phenotypic differences may serve as a robust way to help characterize isolated roles of these cells in retinal neuroinflammation and possibly elsewhere in CNS.
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