ReviewWorld journal of gastroenterology2016
Gender difference in gastro-esophageal reflux diseases.
Review in World journal of gastroenterology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intricate roles of estrogen and estrogen receptors in digestive system cancers: a systematic review.Cancer biology & medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Sex as a Biological Factor in the Changes in Disease Patients During Ramadan Intermittent Fasting: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Formula Sini Zuojin Decoction in Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Clinical Evidence and Potential Mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Development of an Explainable Machine Learning Model for Predicting Reflux Esophagitis Among Candidates for Metabolic Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- Regulation of oestrogen signalling by the receptor tyrosine kinase cKIT stabilises Barrett's oesophagus pre-malignant state.Biology open · 2026Article
- A steadily increasing trend in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in Akita Prefecture, Japan, through 2024.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Circadian syndrome and its components in relation to incident gastroesophageal reflux disease: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Risk factors for barrett's esophagus identified in a large-scale Japanese community cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Baseline characteristics and response to evinacumab in females and males with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in the ELIPSE OLE study.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-oriented colorectal cancer screening: a consensus study from the AIOM- GISEG working group.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Perioperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk for anastomotic leakage in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery: a retrospective cohort study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Age distribution and risk factors for Barrett's esophagus by sex at health check-up settings in Japan.Journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Increased Prevalence of Barrett's Esophagus in Taiwan: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Article
- Risk of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction among gastroesophageal reflux disease patients: a global population-based study.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Burden of gastroesophageal reflux disease among women of childbearing age, with projections to 2050: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Multidimensional mechanisms and therapies underlying gastroesophageal reflux disease: focus on immunity, signaling pathways, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Investigation of causal associations between cerebral cortical structure and Barrett's esophagus: insights from Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Article
- Associations of Plant-Based Foods, Animal Products, and Selected Sociodemographic Factors with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Risk.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- [Gender medicine in diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract].Chirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) has risen sharply in western countries over the past 4 decades. This type of cancer is considered to follow a transitional process that goes from gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) to Barrett's esophagus (BE, a metaplastic condition of the distal esophagus), a precursor lesion and ultimately adenocarcinoma. This spectrum of GERD is strongly predominant in males due to an unidentified mechanism. Several epidemiologic studies have described that the prevalence of GERD, BE and EAC in women is closely related to reproductive status, which suggests a possible association with the estrogen level. Recently, we revealed in an in vivo study that the inactivation of mast cells by the anti-inflammatory function of estrogen may account for the gender difference in the GERD spectrum. Other studies have described the contribution of female steroid hormones to the gender difference in these diseases. Estrogen is reported to modulate the metabolism of fat, and obesity is a main risk factor of GERDs. Moreover, estrogen could confer esophageal epithelial resistance to causative refluxate. These functions of estrogen might explain the approximately 20-year delay in the incidence of BE and the subsequent development of EAC in women compared to men, and this effect may be responsible for the male predominance. However, some observational studies demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy exerts controversial effects in GERD patients. Nevertheless, the estrogen-related endocrine milieu may prevent disease progression toward carcinogenesis in GERD patients. The development of innovative alternatives to conventional acid suppressors may become possible by clarifying the mechanisms of estrogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.