ReviewImmunology2016
The T helper type 17/regulatory T cell paradigm in pregnancy.
Review in Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 132 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
132 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research trends and future frontiers in the immunology of spontaneous abortion: a 25-year scientometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review with meta-analysis: outcomes of pregnancy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Crosstalk Between Trophoblasts and Decidual Immune Cells: The Cornerstone of Maternal-Fetal Immunotolerance.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Differential immune responses in pregnant patients recovered from COVID-19.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2021Trial
- Multimodal immune phenotyping of maternal peripheral blood in normal human pregnancy.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Low-molecular-weight-heparin increases Th1- and Th17-associated chemokine levels during pregnancy in women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a randomised controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Effects of low molecular weight heparin on the polarization and cytokine profile of macrophages and T helper cells in vitro.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Gut microbiome and pregnancy complications: emerging evidence and mechanistic insights.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Article
- Integrated bioinformatics and machine learning to explore the common mechanisms and potential biomarkers between periodontitis and preterm birth.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Immune Cells in Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The detrimental effect of autoimmune hepatitis in pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Implantation Failure: Where to Look Up?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Microbial regulators of physiological and reproductive health in women of reproductive age: their local, proximal and distal regulatory roles.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Dysregulation of Treg/Th17 Balance and Intracellular Expression of IL-21 and IL-22 in the Pathogenesis of Gestational Hypertension.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Biometric Strategies to Improve Vaccine Immunogenicity and Effectiveness.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Importance of STAT3 signaling in preeclampsia (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- A Review of Immunological Evaluation of Patients with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion (RSA).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Reduced IL-17A levels in neonates born to mothers with diabetes mellitus or infection during pregnancy.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Exploration of the Relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Based on Bioinformatics.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Article
72 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedCorrigendum.2019
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cells are active players in the establishment of tolerance and defence. These attributes of the immune system enmesh to guarantee the right level of protection. The healthy immune system, on the one hand, recognizes and eliminates dangerous non-self pathogens and, on the other hand, protects the healthy self. However, there are circumstances where this fine balance is disrupted. In fact, in situations such as in pregnancy, the foreign fetal antigens challenge the maternal immune system and Treg cells will dominate Th17 cells to guarantee fetal survival. In other situations such as autoimmunity, where the Th17 responses are often overwhelming, the immune system shifts towards an inflammatory profile and attacks the healthy tissue from the self. Interestingly, autoimmune patients have meliorating symptoms during pregnancy. This connects with the antagonist role of Th17 and Treg cells, and their specific profiles during these two immune challenging situations. In this review, we put into perspective the Th17/Treg ratio during pregnancy and autoimmunity, as well as in pregnant women with autoimmune conditions. We further review existing systems biology approaches that study specific mechanisms of these immune cells using mathematical modelling and we point out possible future directions of investigation. Understanding what maintains or disrupts the balance between these two opponent yet reciprocal cells in healthy physiological settings, sheds light into the development of innovative pharmacological approaches to fight pregnancy loss and autoimmunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.