ArticleImmunology2016
Directed selection of influenza virus produces antigenic variants that match circulating human virus isolates and escape from vaccine-mediated immune protection.
Article in Immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genetic Variability and Evolutionary Dynamics of A(H1N1)pdm09 in Italy Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- MutaGAN: A sequence-to-sequence GAN framework to predict mutations of evolving protein populations.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Antigenic characterization of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Review
- Article
- Immunity to Influenza Infection in Humans.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- Phylogenetic analysis and clinical characteristics of the co-occurring mutations in HA and NA genes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during 2015-2017 in Beijing, China.Virology journal · 2020Article
- Implementing sequence-based antigenic distance calculation into immunological shape space model.BMC bioinformatics · 2020Article
- Characterizing Emerging Canine H3 Influenza Viruses.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Role of Memory B Cells in Hemagglutinin-Specific Antibody Production Following Human Influenza A Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Article
- Broad Hemagglutinin-Specific Memory B Cell Expansion by Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection Reflects Early-Life Imprinting and Adaptation to the Infecting Virus.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Review
- Sera from Individuals with Narrowly Focused Influenza Virus Antibodies Rapidly Select Viral Escape MutationsJournal of virology · 2018Article
- Extending the Breadth of Influenza Vaccines: Status and Prospects for a Universal Vaccine.Drugs · 2018Review
- Crowd on a Chip: Label-Free Human Monoclonal Antibody Arrays for Serotyping Influenza.Analytical chemistry · 2018Article
- The Potential Role of Fc-Receptor Functions in the Development of a Universal Influenza Vaccine.Vaccines · 2018Article
- Antigenic cartography of H1N1 influenza viruses using sequence-based antigenic distance calculation.BMC bioinformatics · 2018Article
- Article
- Natural and directed antigenic drift of the H1 influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk domain.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Antigenicity of the 2015-2016 seasonal H1N1 human influenza virus HA and NA proteins.PloS one · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza vaccination does not provide 100% protection from infection, partly due to antigenic drift of the haemagglutinin (HA) protein. Low serum antibody titres increase the risk of infection. To determine whether there were additional correlates of risk, we examined the relationship between human serum immunity and antigenic variation in seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses. Seasonal H3N2 vaccine strains grown in the presence of heterogeneous human or mono-specific ferret antisera selected variants with mutations in the HA antigenic sites. Surprisingly, circulating strains infecting human subjects in the same seasons displayed mutations in the same positions, although only in one case did the change correspond to the same amino acid. Serum antibody titres were lower against both the in vitro selected and clinical isolates compared with the vaccine strains, suggesting that the mutations are relevant to vaccine failure. Antibody titres were also significantly lower in sera from infected subjects than in non-infected subjects, suggesting relatively poor responses to vaccination in the infected subjects. Collectively, the data suggest that risk from influenza infection is a result of poor response to vaccination, as well as encounter with drifted seasonal influenza virus antigenic variants. The results also show that directed selection under human immune pressure could reveal antigenic variants relevant to real-world drifted viruses, helping in annual vaccine re-formulation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.