Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26852797›Full record

ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2016

'I'm fishing really'--inflammatory marker testing in primary care: a qualitative study.

Jessica Watson, Isabel de Salis, Willie Hamilton, Chris Salisbury

Abstract readComparative StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. GPs' perspectives on diagnostic tests for children: a qualitative interview study.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2024
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Blood tests in primary care: A qualitative study of communication and decision-making between doctors and patients.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Rwandan primary healthcare providers' perception of their capability in the diagnostic practice.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2020
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Educational intervention to optimise serum immunoglobulin test use in Irish primary care: an interrupted time series with segmented regression analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2020
    Article
  14. Authors' response.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019
    Article
  15. Added value and cascade effects of inflammatory marker tests in UK primary care: a cohort study from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019
    Article
  16. Use of multiple inflammatory marker tests in primary care: using Clinical Practice Research Datalink to evaluate accuracy.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2019
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Viewpoint: Doing nothing.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2017
    Article
  20. Fishing.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2016
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jessica WatsonProfessor in primary health care, Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol.
Isabel de SalisProfessor in primary health care, Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol.
Willie HamiltonProfessor of primary care diagnostics, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter.
Chris SalisburyProfessor in primary health care, Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammatory markers can be helpful as part of the diagnostic workup for specific diseases or for monitoring disease activity. A third use is as a screening and/or triage tool to differentiate between the presence or absence of disease. Most research into inflammatory markers looks at diagnosis of specific diseases and comes from secondary care. Qualitative studies to explore when and why clinicians use these tests in primary care are lacking.

aimTo identify clinicians' approaches to inflammatory marker testing in primary care. DESIGN AND

settingQualitative study with 26 GPs and nurse practitioners.

methodInterviews were conducted using a semi-structured topic guide. Clinicians reviewed recent cases of inflammatory marker testing in their pathology inbox. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed. Qualitative analysis was conducted by two of the authors.

resultsClinicians are uncertain about the appropriate use of inflammatory markers and differ in their approach to testing patients with undifferentiated symptoms. Normal or significantly elevated inflammatory markers are seen as helpful, but mildly raised inflammatory markers in the context of non-specific symptoms are difficult to interpret. Clinicians describe a tension between not wanting to 'miss anything' and, on the other hand, being wary of picking up borderline abnormalities that can lead to cascades of further tests. Diagnostic uncertainty is a common reason for inflammatory marker testing, with the aim to reassure; however, paradoxically, inconclusive results can generate a cycle of uncertainty and anxiety.

conclusionFurther research is needed to define when inflammatory marker testing is useful in primary care and how to interpret results.

Indexed as

General PractitionersNurse PractitionersPrimary Health CareAttitude of Health PersonnelBiomarkersEarly DiagnosisFemaleHumansInflammationMalePractice Guidelines as TopicPractice Patterns, Physicians'Qualitative ResearchReferral and ConsultationReview Literature as TopicUncertaintyBiomarkersacute-phase proteinsC-reactive proteindiagnosisgeneral practiceprimary health carequalitative research

Identifiers

PMID26852797
PMCPMC4758500

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.