ReviewExperimental eye research2017
Unconventional aqueous humor outflow: A review.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 124 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
124 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Where Is the Evidence?Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)Pooled it
- Tie2 Activation via VE-PTP Inhibition With Razuprotafib as an Adjunct to Latanoprost in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Trial
- A Small Molecule Inhibitor of VE-PTP Activates Tie2 in Schlemm's Canal Increasing Outflow Facility and Reducing Intraocular Pressure.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Trial
- A European Study of the Performance and Safety of MINIject in Patients With Medically Uncontrolled Open-angle Glaucoma (STAR-II).Journal of glaucoma · 2020Trial
- The Effects of Netarsudil Ophthalmic Solution on Aqueous Humor Dynamics in a Randomized Study in Humans.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2018Trial
- Comparison of Aqueous Outflow Facility Measurement by Pneumatonography and Digital Schiøtz Tonography.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Trial
- Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Evaluation of Postoperative Anterior Segment Changes in Canine Intumescent Cataracts.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Revisiting the sclera as a target for glaucoma therapy.Eye (London, England) · 2026Review
- Tracer Techniques in Ophthalmology: Ocular Applications and Systemic Connections.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ocular Lymphatics in Health and Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anterior Segment Measurements in Normal Cats Using Ultrasound Biomicroscopy.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Comparative Study of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure in Kahook Dual Blade and iStent Inject - A Consecutive Case Series.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery: Is It Here to Stay?Clinical & experimental ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Piezo1 Activates an Autocrine Angiopoietin-2-Integrin Signaling Loop in Schlemm's Canal to Regulate Intraocular Pressure.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- AllJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Influence of suture thickness on clinical outcomes in gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy: a comparative analysis of 5-0 and 6-0 polypropylene sutures.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- TGFβ2 alters segmental outflow and ECM ultrastructure in the trabecular meshwork.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Comparison of trabeculotomy ab externo outcomes between resident physicians and supervising ophthalmologists using propensity score matching.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Iris Crypts Could Reduce the Chance of Angle Closure: A Computational Biomechanics Study Derived From Clinical and Human Iris Data.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- High Glucose-induced transcriptomic changes in human trabecular meshwork cells.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
64 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Aqueous humor flows out of the eye primarily through the conventional outflow pathway that includes the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm's canal. However, a fraction of aqueous humor passes through an alternative or 'unconventional' route that includes the ciliary muscle, supraciliary and suprachoroidal spaces. From there, unconventional outflow may drain through two pathways: a uveoscleral pathway where aqueous drains across the sclera to be resorbed by orbital vessels, and a uveovortex pathway where aqueous humor enters the choroid to drain through the vortex veins. We review the anatomy, physiology and pharmacology of these pathways. We also discuss methods to determine unconventional outflow rate, including direct techniques that use radioactive or fluorescent tracers recovered from tissues in the unconventional pathway and indirect methods that estimate unconventional outflow based on total outflow over a range of pressures. Indirect methods are subject to a number of assumptions and generally give poor agreement with tracer measurements. We review the variety of animal models that have been used to study conventional and unconventional outflow. The mouse appears to be a promising model because it captures several aspects of conventional and unconventional outflow dynamics common to humans, although questions remain regarding the magnitude of unconventional outflow in mice. Finally, we review future directions. There is a clear need to develop improved methods for measuring unconventional outflow in both animals and humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.