ArticlePlant physiology2016
Evolution of VRN2/Ghd7-Like Genes in Vernalization-Mediated Repression of Grass Flowering.
Article in Plant physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- CCT domain-containing genes in cereal crops: flowering time and beyond.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2020Pooled it
- VERNALIZATION2 alters early tiller development in a facultative spring hexaploid bread wheat.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- The CONSTANS-like gene family in wheat is involved in heading date and drought stress response.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Low-Temperature and Light Pretreatment Interactively Promote Rapid Flowering, Early Ripening, and Yield Accumulation of Winter Wheat.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Targets and mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in the temperate cereal vernalisation process.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Transcription factor VRT2 reinitiates vernalization when interrupted by warm temperatures in a temperate grass model.Plant physiology · 2024Article
- The H3K4 demethylase JMJ1 is required for proper timing of flowering in Brachypodium distachyon.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Evolution of major flowering pathway integrators in Orchidaceae.Plant reproduction · 2024Article
- Polygenic architecture of flowering time and its relationship with local environments in the grass Brachypodium distachyon.Genetics · 2024Article
- Regulatory frameworks involved in the floral induction, formation and developmental programming of woody horticultural plants: a case study on blueberries.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Article
- Functional Modules in the Meristems: "Tinkering" in Action.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- VERNALIZATION1 represses FLOWERING PROMOTING FACTOR1-LIKE1 in leaves for timely flowering in Brachypodium distachyon.The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Sequencing 4.3 million mutations in wheat promoters to understand and modify gene expression.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences inEcology and evolution · 2023Article
- PHYTOCHROME C regulation of photoperiodic flowering via PHOTOPERIOD1 is mediated by EARLY FLOWERING 3 in Brachypodium distachyon.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- EARLY FLOWERING 3 interactions with PHYTOCHROME B and PHOTOPERIOD1 are critical for the photoperiodic regulation of wheat heading time.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Wheat genomic study for genetic improvement of traits in China.Science China. Life sciences · 2022Review
- Flowering time runs hot and cold.Plant physiology · 2022Review
- Genetic control of branching patterns in grass inflorescences.The Plant cell · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flowering of many plant species is coordinated with seasonal environmental cues such as temperature and photoperiod. Vernalization provides competence to flower after prolonged cold exposure, and a vernalization requirement prevents flowering from occurring prior to winter. In winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), three genes VRN1, VRN2, and FT form a regulatory loop that regulates the initiation of flowering. Prior to cold exposure, VRN2 represses FT. During cold, VRN1 expression increases, resulting in the repression of VRN2, which in turn allows activation of FT during long days to induce flowering. Here, we test whether the circuitry of this regulatory loop is conserved across Pooideae, consistent with their niche transition from the tropics to the temperate zone. Our phylogenetic analyses of VRN2-like genes reveal a duplication event occurred before the diversification of the grasses that gave rise to a CO9 and VRN2/Ghd7 clade and support orthology between wheat/barley VRN2 and rice (Oryza sativa) Ghd7 Our Brachypodium distachyon VRN1 and VRN2 knockdown and overexpression experiments demonstrate functional conservation of grass VRN1 and VRN2 in the promotion and repression of flowering, respectively. However, expression analyses in a range of pooids demonstrate that the cold repression of VRN2 is unique to core Pooideae such as wheat and barley. Furthermore, VRN1 knockdown in B. distachyon demonstrates that the VRN1-mediated suppression of VRN2 is not conserved. Thus, the VRN1-VRN2 feature of the regulatory loop appears to have evolved late in the diversification of temperate grasses.
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