ArticleScientific reports2016
Trying to see, failing to focus: near visual impairment in Down syndrome.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and Etiology of Strabismus in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Focus on Ethnic Differences in the Esotropia/Exotropia Ratio.Ophthalmic epidemiology · 2025Pooled it
- One-year effects of bifocal and unifocal glasses on executive functions in children with Down syndrome in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Bifocals reduce strabismus in children with Down syndrome: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2020Trial
- Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2019Trial
- The Interpupillary Distance Differs Between Ethnicities and Associates with Horizontal Strabismus Patterns: Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- The interpupillary distance differs between ethnicities and associates with horizontal strabismus patterns: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Hyperopic Eyes Are Structurally More Dynamic Than Myopic Eyes During Accommodation: An In Vivo Investigation.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Postural stability of adults with down syndrome - differences between women and men.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Accuracy and stability of accommodation and vergence responses during sustained near tasks in uncorrected hyperopes.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Development of a Physical Therapy-Based Exercise Program for Adults with Down Syndrome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- Article
- Referral thresholds for an integrated learning disability eye care pathway: a consensus approach.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Correction of Low-Moderate Hyperopia Improves Accommodative Function for Some Hyperopic Children During Sustained Near Work.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations in Children with Down Syndrome: Current Perspectives.Eye and brain · 2021Review
- Challenges in Patients with Trisomy 21: A Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- In-vivo anterior segment OCT imaging provides unique insight into cerulean blue-dot opacities and cataracts in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Accommodative Insufficiency: Prevalence, Impact and Treatment Options.Clinical optometry · 2020Review
- Variability in Objective Refraction for Persons with Down Syndrome.Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry · 2017Article
- Determining the relative contribution of retinal disparity and blur cues to ocular accommodation in Down syndrome.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) do not exhibit accurate accommodation, with the aetiology of this deficit unknown. This study examines the mechanism underlying hypoaccommodation in DS by simultaneously investigating the 'near triad' - accommodation, vergence and pupillary response. An objective photorefraction system measured accommodation, pupil size and gaze position (vergence) under binocular conditions while participants viewed an animated movie at 50, 33, 25 and 20 cm. Participants were aged 6-16 years (DS = 41, controls = 76). Measures were obtained from 59% of participants with DS and 99% of controls. Accommodative response was significantly less in DS (p < 0.001) and greater accommodative deficits were associated with worsening visual acuity (p = 0.02). Vergence responses were as accurate in DS as in controls (p = 0.90). Habitual pupil diameter did not differ between groups (p = 0.24) but reduced significantly with increasing accommodative demand in both participants with and without DS (p < 0.0001). This study is the first to report simultaneous binocular measurement of the near triad in DS demonstrating that hypoaccommodation is linked to poor visual acuity. Vergence responses were accurate indicating that hypoaccommodation cannot be dismissed as a failure to visually engage with near targets, but rather is a consequence of underlying neurological or physiological deficits.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.