Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26847218›Full record

ArticleClinical chemistry2016

Systematic Evaluation of Sanger Validation of Next-Generation Sequencing Variants.

Tyler F Beck, James C Mullikin, NISC Comparative Sequencing Program, Leslie G Biesecker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical chemistry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Guideline
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Genetic Classification of a Novel Genotype of the GenusTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026
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  8. Mosaic Li Fraumeni Syndrome Not Identified in Germinal Tissue.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. HomozygousFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Sanger validation of WGS variants.Scientific reports · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Tyler F BeckNational Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD;
James C MullikinNational Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, Rockville, MD.
NISC Comparative Sequencing Program
Leslie G BieseckerNational Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD; lesb@mail.nih.gov.

Funding

Inter- and Intra-Species Comparative SequencingZIBHG000196 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI THOMAS, JAMES · 2009 to 2025
$177.6M
Genomic Ascertainment - Molecular and Genetic AspectsZIAHG200359 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI BIESECKER, LESLIE · 2009 to 2025
$19.7M
Comparative Genomics Unit ResearchZIAHG200330 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI MULLIKIN, JAMES C · 2009 to 2022
$17.9M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 HG999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNext-generation sequencing (NGS) data are used for both clinical care and clinical research. DNA sequence variants identified using NGS are often returned to patients/participants as part of clinical or research protocols. The current standard of care is to validate NGS variants using Sanger sequencing, which is costly and time-consuming.

methodsWe performed a large-scale, systematic evaluation of Sanger-based validation of NGS variants using data from the ClinSeq® project. We first used NGS data from 19 genes in 5 participants, comparing them to high-throughput Sanger sequencing results on the same samples, and found no discrepancies among 234 NGS variants. We then compared NGS variants in 5 genes from 684 participants against data from Sanger sequencing.

resultsOf over 5800 NGS-derived variants, 19 were not validated by Sanger data. Using newly designed sequencing primers, Sanger sequencing confirmed 17 of the NGS variants, and the remaining 2 variants had low quality scores from exome sequencing. Overall, we measured a validation rate of 99.965% for NGS variants using Sanger sequencing, which was higher than many existing medical tests that do not necessitate orthogonal validation.

conclusionsA single round of Sanger sequencing is more likely to incorrectly refute a true-positive variant from NGS than to correctly identify a false-positive variant from NGS. Validation of NGS-derived variants using Sanger sequencing has limited utility, and best practice standards should not include routine orthogonal Sanger validation of NGS variants.

Indexed as

AnimalsDNAGenetic VariationGenomicsHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansModels, StatisticalSequence Analysis, DNADNA

Identifiers

PMID26847218
PMCPMC4878677

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.