ArticleMolecular neurobiology2017
Lower Serum Zinc and Higher CRP Strongly Predict Prenatal Depression and Physio-somatic Symptoms, Which All Together Predict Postnatal Depressive Symptoms.
Article in Molecular neurobiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Correlation Between Micronutrient Levels and Perinatal Depression.Nutrients · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- [Inflammatory Biomarkers and Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review of Literature].Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie · 2019Pooled it
- The immune phenotype of perinatal anxiety in an anxiety-focused behavioral intervention program in Pakistan.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Trial
- Examining the association between prenatal inflammation and postpartum depression in a large, prospective pregnancy cohort in New York City.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Subtypes and associated factors of prenatal depressive symptoms and their association with health-related quality of life among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Associations between prenatal inflammation and dimensions of depressive symptoms across the perinatal period.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Invisible Links: Associations Between Micronutrient Deficiencies and Postpartum Depression-A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Associations Between Early-Pregnancy Vitamin D Status and Postpartum Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Postpartum Depression: Etiology, Treatment, and Consequences for Maternal Care.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Social Context of Pregnancy, Respectful Maternity Care, Biomarkers of Weathering, and Postpartum Mental Health Inequities: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Biomarkers of Postpartum Depression: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Comparing the factor structures and reliabilities of the EPDS and the PHQ-9 for screening antepartum and postpartum depression: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis.Archives of women's mental health · 2023Article
- The Cytokine, Chemokine, and Growth Factor Network of Prenatal Depression.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Chronic Fatigue, Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Long COVID Are Strongly Predicted by Neuroimmune and Neuro-Oxidative Pathways Which Are Caused by the Inflammation during Acute Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- C-Reactive Protein (CRP): A Potent Inflammation Biomarker in Psychiatric Disorders.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Mitochondrial might: powering the peripartum for risk and resilience.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Article
- Postpartum Depression and Its Biological Biomarkers.Cureus · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pregnancy and delivery are associated with activation of immune-inflammatory pathways which may prime parturients to develop postnatal depression. There are, however, few data on the associations between immune-inflammatory pathways and prenatal depression and physio-somatic symptoms. This study examined the associations between serum zinc, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin at the end of term and prenatal physio-somatic symptoms (fatigue, back pain, muscle pain, dyspepsia, obstipation) and prenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Zinc and haptoglobin were significantly lower and CRP increased at the end of term as compared with non-pregnant women. Prenatal depression was predicted by lower zinc and lifetime history of depression, anxiety, and premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS). The latter histories were also significantly and inversely related to lower zinc. The severity of prenatal EDPS, HAMD, BDI, STAI, and physio-somatic symptoms was predicted by fatigue in the first and second trimesters, a positive life history of depression, anxiety, and PMS, and lower zinc and higher CRP. Postnatal depressive symptoms are predicted by prenatal depression, physio-somatic symptoms, zinc and CRP. Prenatal depressive and physio-somatic symptoms have an immune-inflammatory pathophysiology, while postnatal depressive symptoms are highly predicted by prenatal immune activation, prenatal depression, and a lifetime history of depression and PMS. Previous episodes of depression, anxiety disorders, and PMS may prime pregnant females to develop prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms via activated immune pathways.
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