Physisorption of DNA molecules on chemically modified single-walled carbon nanotubes with and without sonication.

We investigated the physisorption phenomenon of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules onto two types of commercially available chemically functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and agarose gel electrophoresis. We found that DNA molecules can adsorb on the water-soluble SWNT surfaces without sonication, although sonication treatment has been used for hybridization of DNA and SWNTs in many previous studies. Using our method, damage of DNA molecules by sonication can be avoided. On the other hand, the amount of DNA molecules adsorbed on SWNT surfaces increased when the samples were sonicated. This fact suggests that the sonication is effective not only at debundling of SWNTs, but also at assisting DNA adsorption. Furthermore, DNA adsorption was affected by the types of functionalized SWNTs. In the case of SWNTs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG-SWNT), physisorption of ssDNA molecules was confirmed only by agarose-gel electrophoresis. In contrast, amino-terminated SWNTs (NH2-SWNTs) showed a change in the height distribution profile based on AFM observations. These results suggest that DNA molecules tended to adsorb to NH2-SWNT surfaces, although DNA molecules can also adsorb on PEG-SWNT surfaces. Our results revealed fundamental information for developing nanobiodevices using hybrids of DNA and SWNTs.