SynthesisNeuropsychology review2016
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) Taking Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Into Account.
Synthesis in Neuropsychology review, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 246 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurological and biological correlations of ODD with ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review.BMC psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The role of comorbid childhood mental health and neurodevelopmental conditions in the persistence of ADHD symptoms: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Pooled it
- Emotion processing in youths with conduct problems: an fMRI meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Clarifying the role of Cortico-Cortical and Amygdalo-Cortical brain dysconnectivity associated with Conduct Problems.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2023Pooled it
- Meta-analytical transdiagnostic neural correlates in common pediatric psychiatric disorders.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Structural and functional neuroimaging of late-life depression: a coordinate-based meta-analysis.Brain imaging and behavior · 2022Pooled it
- Intranasal oxytocin modulates brain activity during emotional processing in children with treatment resistant conduct problems.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Neuropsychiatric outcomes after montelukast versus inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: a pooled birth cohort study.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Associations between multilevel family factors and school-age children's ODD symptoms: A developmental cascade model.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Dynamic Resting-State Network Markers of Disruptive Behavior Problems in Youth.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research on Interventions for Externalizing Behavior Problems in Children and Adolescents.JAACAP open · 2026Article
- Article
- Machine learning prediction of conduct problems in children using the longitudinal ABCD study.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Brain Age in Conduct Disorder:: A Mega-Analysis of the ENIGMA Antisocial Behavior Working Group.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hypothalamus volumes and mental health in children and adolescents.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neural reward processing among children with conduct disorder and mild traumatic brain injury in the ABCD study.Psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond out-of-sample: robust and generalizable multivariate neuroanatomical patterns of psychiatric problems in youth.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prevalence and comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Chinese school-attending students aged 6-16: a national survey.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neural Correlates and Sex-Specific Effects of Affectively Driven Processes Underlying Decision-Making in Adult ADHD.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Functional and structural connectivity of the subregions of the amygdala in ADHD children with or without ODD.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are common behavioural disorders in childhood and adolescence and are associated with brain abnormalities. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates structural (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) findings in individuals with ODD/CD with and without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Online databases were searched for controlled studies, resulting in 12 sMRI and 17 fMRI studies. In line with current models on ODD/CD, studies were classified in hot and cool executive functioning (EF). Both the meta-analytic and narrative reviews showed evidence of smaller brain structures and lower brain activity in individuals with ODD/CD in mainly hot EF-related areas: bilateral amygdala, bilateral insula, right striatum, left medial/superior frontal gyrus, and left precuneus. Evidence was present in both structural and functional studies, and irrespective of the presence of ADHD comorbidity. There is strong evidence that abnormalities in the amygdala are specific for ODD/CD as compared to ADHD, and correlational studies further support the association between abnormalities in the amygdala and ODD/CD symptoms. Besides the left precuneus, there was no evidence for abnormalities in typical cool EF related structures, such as the cerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Resulting areas are associated with emotion-processing, error-monitoring, problem-solving and self-control; areas associated with neurocognitive and behavioural deficits implicated in ODD/CD. Our findings confirm the involvement of hot, and to a smaller extent cool, EF associated brain areas in ODD/CD, and support an integrated model for ODD/CD (e.g. Blair, Development and Psychopathology, 17(3), 865-891, 2005).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.