ArticlePreventive medicine reports2015
Associations between smoking behaviors and financial stress among low-income smokers.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structural interventions that affect racial inequities and their impact on population health outcomes: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2022Pooled it
- Efficacy and utilization of smartphone applications for smoking cessation among low-income adults: Secondary analysis of the iCanQuit randomized trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Trial
- Subsistence difficulties are associated with more barriers to quitting and worse abstinence outcomes among homeless smokers: evidence from two studies in Boston, Massachusetts.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Smoking and finances: baseline characteristics of low income daily smokers in the FISCALS cohort.International journal for equity in health · 2017Trial
- Sex Differences in Cigarette Smoking Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Black All of Us Participants: The Relative Importance of Sociodemographic Characteristics and Social Determinants of Health.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- The combined association of individuals' psychological distress, mental health and smoking status with household expenditure.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Financial strain, digital health reliance, and medical preferences: a multi-dimensional analysis of Chinese residents.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Impact of minimum wage increases on smoking before, during and after pregnancy in the USA: a difference-in-differences analysis of cross-sectional surveillance data.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Banking Status as a Moderator of Outcomes in a Randomized Controlled Trial Targeting Financial Stress and Smoking.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Urban health inequities and healthy longevity: traditional and emerging risk factors across the cities and policy implications.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
- Midlife financial stress and cognitive and physical impairments in older age: The role of potentially modifying factors.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Tobacco smoking patterns in the emirate of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: a comprehensive analysis of trends before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Exploring the perspectives and experiences of food-insecure adults who are also tobacco dependent: a qualitative study in North East England.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Interventions for Tobacco Prevention and Control in Humanitarian Settings: A Scoping Review.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Can a smoking cessation app benefit individuals in disadvantaged areas? A qualitative study on motivation, barriers, and perceptions of a digital app.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- The Intersection of Sexual Orientation, Substance Use, and Mental Health: Findings from Hints 5.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Impact of tobacco spending on intrahousehold resource allocation in Montenegro.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- The association between smoking and family health with the mediation role of personality among Chinese people: nationwide cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Smoking Habits and Nicotine Dependence Among the General Lebanese Population Before and During Both the Economic Crisis and COVID-19 Pandemic.Tobacco use insights · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveMany American households struggle to bring in sufficient income to meet basic needs related to nutrition, housing, and healthcare. Nicotine addiction and consequent expenditures on cigarettes may impose extra financial strain on low-income households. We examine how cigarette use behaviors relate to self-reported financial stress/strain among low-income smokers.
methodsAt baseline in 2011/12, OPT-IN recruited adult smokers age 18-64 from the administrative databases of the state-subsidized Minnesota Health Care Programs (N = 2406). We tested whether nicotine dependency, type of cigarettes used, and smoking intensity were associated with self-reported difficulty affording food, healthcare, housing, and living within one's income. All regression models were adjusted for race, education, income, age, and gender.
resultsDifficulty living on one's income (77.4%), paying for healthcare (33.6%), paying for housing (38.4%), and paying for food (40.8%) were common conditions in this population. Time to first cigarette and cigarettes smoked per day predicted financial stress related to affording food, housing, and living within one's income (all p < 0.05). For instance, those whose time to first cigarette was greater than 60 minutes had about half the odds of reporting difficulty paying for housing compared to those who had their first cigarette within five minutes of waking (adjusted odds ratio = 0.55 [95% CI: 0.41, 0.73]). Type of cigarette used was not associated with any type of financial stress/strain.
conclusionsSmoking and particularly heavy smoking may contribute in an important way to the struggles that low-income households with smokers face in paying for necessities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.