Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26844040›Full record

ArticlePreventive medicine reports2014

Softening of monthly cigarette use in youth and the need to harden measures in surveillance.

Lynn T Kozlowski, Gary A Giovino

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults: the Concept of Prevescalation.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019
    Article
  9. Article
  10. A new measure of youth cigarette smoking.Preventive medicine reports · 2018
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Frequency of Youth E-Cigarette and Tobacco Use Patterns in the United States: Measurement Precision Is Critical to Inform Public Health.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017
    Article
  15. Young People's Use of E-Cigarettes across the United Kingdom: Findings from Five Surveys 2015-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lynn T KozlowskiDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
Gary A GiovinoDepartment of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.
University at Buffalo, State University of New York · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo assess changes in monthly smoking in its relationship to daily smoking and heavier smoking in high school seniors. Public health agencies often report only "current use" of cigarettes among youth as any use in the past 30 days, even though additional measures are collected. Monthly use is a crude and changing indicator.

methodsResults from 1975 to 2013 from Monitoring The Future Project were plotted and analyzed by linear regression.

resultsFrom 1975 to 2013, the percentage of monthly smokers who smoked daily decreased by 29% (21.2 percentage points) and monthly smokers who smoked 10 + cigarettes/day dropped by 57% (28 percentage points); the percentage of daily smokers who smoked 10 + cigarettes/day decreased by 40% (26.5 percentage points).

conclusionAdditional measures of frequency and intensity of use of cigarettes and other tobacco/nicotine products need to be more regularly reported. These results indicate softening rather than hardening of "current smoking" and have important implications for tobacco surveillance and for tobacco research because of a) increased likelihood of quitting smoking, b) health effects of cigarette smoking, and c) similar and interacting issues related to measuring the use of all tobacco/nicotine products.

Indexed as

Adolescent healthCigarette smokingElectronic cigarettesEpidemiologyTobacco productsTobacco surveillance

Identifiers

PMID26844040
PMCPMC4721314
OpenAlexW2029458097

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.