ArticleEthnicity & disease2016
Race-specific Association of Caesarean-Section Delivery with Body Size at Age 2 Years.
Article in Ethnicity & disease, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Association between cesarean delivery types and obesity in preadolescence.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2020Article
- Epidemiology and the microbiome.Annals of epidemiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveAfrican American children are at higher risk of obesity than White children and African American women are more likely to undergo caesarean-section (CS) delivery than White women. CS is associated with childhood obesity; however, little is known whether this relationship varies by race. We examined if the association of CS with obesity at age 2 years varied by race.
designLongitudinal birth cohort.
settingBirth cohort conducted in a health care system in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan with follow-up at age 2 years.
participants639 birth cohort participants; 367 children (57.4%) were born to African American mothers and 230 (36.0%) children were born via CS.
main outcome measuresObesity defined as body mass index ≥95th percentile at age 2 years.
resultsSlightly more children of African American (n=37; 10.1%) than non-African American mothers (n=18; 6.6%) were obese (P=.12). There was evidence of effect modification between race and delivery mode with obesity at age 2 years (interaction P=.020). In children of African American mothers, CS compared to vaginal birth was associated with a significantly higher odds of obesity (aOR=2.35 (95% CI: 1.16, 4.77), P=.017). In contrast, delivery mode was not associated with obesity at age 2 years in children of non-African American mothers (aOR=.47 (95% CI: .13, 1.71), P=.25).
conclusionsThere is evidence for a race-specific effect of CS on obesity at age 2 years; potential underlying mechanisms may be racial differences in the developing gut microbiome or in epigenetic programming. Future research is needed to determine if this racial difference persists into later childhood.
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Registered trials
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