Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26843480›Full record

ArticleJournal of diabetes science and technology2016

The Cost-Effectiveness of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (RT-CGM) in Type 2 Diabetes.

Stephanie J Fonda, Claudia Graham, Julie Munakata, Julia M Powers, David Price, Robert A Vigersky

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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
43citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  16. A Podcast on the Use of CGM in Optimizing Type 2 Diabetes Management with Non-intensive Insulin Treatment in the Primary Care Setting.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2024
    Article
  17. The Benefits Of Continuous Glucose Monitoring In Pregnancy.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2023
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Expanding the Role of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Modern Diabetes Care Beyond Type 1 Disease.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Stephanie J FondaWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA fondasj@gmail.com.
Claudia GrahamDexcom, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
Julie MunakataIMS Health, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Julia M PowersUniversity of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
David PriceDexcom, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA.
Robert A VigerskyWalter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis analysis models the cost-effectiveness of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) using evidence from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that demonstrated RT-CGM reduced A1C, for up to 9 months after using the technology, among patients with type 2 diabetes not on prandial insulin. RT-CGM was offered short-term and intermittently as a self-care tool to inform patients' behavior.

methodThe analyses projected lifetime clinical and economic outcomes for RT-CGM versus self-monitoring of blood glucose by fingerstick only. The base-case analysis was consistent with the RCT (RT-CGM for 2 weeks on/1 week off over 3 months). A scenario analysis simulated outcomes of an RT-CGM "refresher" after the active intervention of the RCT. Analyses used the IMS CORE Diabetes Model and were conducted from a US third-party payer perspective, including direct costs obtained from published sources and inflated to 2011 US dollars. Costs and health outcomes were discounted at 3% per annum.

resultsLife expectancy (LE) and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) from RT-CGM were 0.10 and 0.07, with a cost of $653/patient over a lifetime. Incremental LE and QALE from a "refresher" were 0.14 and 0.10, with a cost of $1312/patient over a lifetime, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were $9319 and $13 030 per LY and QALY gained.

conclusionsRT-CGM, as a self-care tool, is a cost-effective disease management option in the US for people with type 2 diabetes not on prandial insulin. Repeated use of RT-CGM may result in additional cost-effectiveness.

Indexed as

Cost-Benefit AnalysisAdultAgedBlood GlucoseBlood Glucose Self-MonitoringComputer SimulationDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicBlood Glucosebehaviorcontinuous glucose monitoringcost-effectivenesshealth economicsself-careself-monitoring

Identifiers

PMID26843480
PMCPMC4928220

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.