Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26841729›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2016

Misclassification of cardiometabolic health when using body mass index categories in NHANES 2005-2012.

A J Tomiyama, J M Hunger, J Nguyen-Cuu, C Wells

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07396857 (The Role of Endothelial-Derived Hyperpolarization Factors on 24-hr Blood Pressure Regulation Following a Bout of Prolonged Sitting), which is not on this map. Cited by 155 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
155citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07396857 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

The Role of Endothelial-Derived Hyperpolarization Factors on 24-hr Blood Pressure Regulation Following a Bout of Prolonged Sitting

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversité de SherbrookeRan2025 to 2026Enrolled40ConditionsCardiovascularArmsPlacebo, Fluconazole 150 mg
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

155 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity-related cancer Risk and Survival: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews With Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Pooled it
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  3. Experimental and observational studies on alcohol use and dietary intake: a systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2020
    Pooled it
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95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

A J TomiyamaDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
J M HungerDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
J Nguyen-CuuDepartment of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
C WellsOffice of Information Technology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has proposed rules allowing employers to penalize employees up to 30% of health insurance costs if they fail to meet 'health' criteria, such as reaching a specified body mass index (BMI). Our objective was to examine cardiometabolic health misclassifications given standard BMI categories. Participants (N=40 420) were individuals aged 18+ in the nationally representative 2005-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using the blood pressure, triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose, insulin resistance and C-reactive protein data, population frequencies/percentages of metabolically healthy versus unhealthy individuals were stratified by BMI. Nearly half of overweight individuals, 29% of obese individuals and even 16% of obesity type 2/3 individuals were metabolically healthy. Moreover, over 30% of normal weight individuals were cardiometabolically unhealthy. There was no significant race-by-BMI interaction, but there was a significant gender-by-BMI interaction, F(4,64)=3.812, P=0.008. Using BMI categories as the main indicator of health, an estimated 74 936 678 US adults are misclassified as cardiometabolically unhealthy or cardiometabolically healthy. Policymakers should consider the unintended consequences of relying solely on BMI, and researchers should seek to improve diagnostic tools related to weight and cardiometabolic health.

Indexed as

Body Mass IndexNutrition SurveysAdultBiasCardiovascular DiseasesElectronic Health RecordsFemaleHumansInsurance CoverageInsurance, HealthMaleMetabolic SyndromeObesityUnited States

Identifiers

PMID26841729

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.