Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26840251›Full record

ArticlePloS one2016

Food and Nutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Finnish Vegans and Non-Vegetarians.

Anna-Liisa Elorinne, Georg Alfthan, Iris Erlund, Hanna Kivimäki, Annukka Paju, Irma Salminen, Ursula Turpeinen, Sari Voutilainen, Juha Laakso

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 133 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
133citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
21.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

133 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 278 citations in OpenAlex.

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  9. Vegetarian diets in children: a systematic review.European journal of nutrition · 2017
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73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Anna-Liisa ElorinneSchool of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland, Savonlinna, Finland.
Georg AlfthanThe Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Iris ErlundThe Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Hanna KivimäkiInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Annukka PajuDepartment of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, Helsinki University Central Hospital Laboratory, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Irma SalminenThe Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Ursula TurpeinenHUSLAB, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Sari VoutilainenInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Juha LaaksoFinnish Safety and Chemicals Agency, Helsinki, Finland.
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIUniversity of Eastern Finland · FIHelsinki University Hospital · FIFinnish Safety and Chemicals Agency · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundVegetarian and vegan diets have become more popular among adolescents and young adults. However, few studies have investigated the nutritional status of vegans, who may be at risk of nutritional deficiencies.

objectiveTo compare dietary intake and nutritional status of Finnish long-term vegans and non-vegetarians.

methodsDietary intake and supplement use were estimated using three-day dietary records. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring biomarkers in plasma, serum, and urine samples. Vegans' (n = 22) data was compared with those of sex- and age-matched non-vegetarians (n = 19).

resultsAll vegans adhered strictly to their diet; however, individual variability was marked in food consumption and supplementation habits. Dietary intakes of key nutrients, vitamins B12 and D, were lower (P < 0.001) in vegans than in non-vegetarians. Nutritional biomarker measurements showed lower concentrations of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), iodine and selenium (corrected for multiple comparisons, P < 0.001), Vegans showed more favorable fatty acid profiles (P < 0.001) as well as much higher concentrations of polyphenols such as genistein and daidzein (P < 0.001). Eicosapentaenoic acid proportions in vegans were higher than expected. The median concentration of iodine in urine was below the recommended levels in both groups.

conclusionsLong-term consumption of a vegan diet was associated with some favorable laboratory measures but also with lowered concentrations of key nutrients compared to reference values. This study highlights the need for nutritional guidance to vegans.

Indexed as

Feeding BehaviorAdultCholecalciferolDietary SupplementsDiet, VeganDiet, VegetarianEatingEicosapentaenoic AcidEnergy IntakeFatty AcidsFemaleFinlandFoodGenisteinHumansIodineCholecalciferoldaidzeinEicosapentaenoic AcidFatty AcidsGenisteinIodineIsoflavonesPolyphenolsSeleniumVitamin B 12

Identifiers

PMID26840251
PMCPMC4739591
OpenAlexW2270002354

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.