ArticleJournal of human kinetics2015
Physiological Adaptations to Training in Competitive Swimming: A Systematic Review.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Factors Relating to Sprint Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of a 12-week training programme on selected hormonal and psychological parameters and their interrelationships in highly-trained male and female swimmers.Biology of sport · 2025Article
- Effects of Swimming Exercise on Early Adolescents' Physical Conditioning and Physical Health: A Systematic Review.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Review
- Pulmonary function in swimmers exposed to disinfection by-products: a narrative review.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Relationship between Maximum Force-Velocity Exertion and Swimming Performances among Four Strokes over Medium and Short Distances: The Stronger on Dry Land, the Faster in Water?Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- Kinematic, arm-stroke efficiency, coordination, and energetic parameters of the 400-m front-crawl test: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- Applicability of Maximal Ergometer Testing and Sprint Performance in Adolescent Endurance and Sprint Trained Swimmers.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Nutritional Practice and Nitrogen Balance in Elite Japanese Swimmers during a Training Camp.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Hypoxic Respiratory Chemoreflex Control in Young Trained Swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Adaptations to Swimming Training in Athletes with Down's Syndrome.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The influence of chlorine in indoor swimming pools on the composition of breathing phase of professional swimmers.Respiratory research · 2020Article
- Evaluation of the Heart Function of Swimmers Subjected to Exhaustive Repetitive Endurance Efforts During a 500-km Relay.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize longitudinal studies on swimming physiology and get implications for daily practice. A computerized search of databases according to the PRISMA statement was employed. Studies were screened for eligibility on inclusion criteria: (i) present two testing points; (ii) on swimming physiology; (iii) using adult elite swimmers; (iv) no case-studies or with small sample sizes. Two independent reviewers used a checklist to assess the methodological quality of the studies. Thirty-four studies selected for analysis were gathered into five main categories: blood composition (n=7), endocrine secretion (n=11), muscle biochemistry (n=7), cardiovascular response (n=8) and the energetic profile (n=14). The mean quality index was 10.58 ± 2.19 points demonstrating an almost perfect agreement between reviewers (K = 0.93). It can be concluded that the mixed findings in the literature are due to the diversity of the experimental designs. Micro variables obtained at the cellular or molecular level are sensitive measures and demonstrate overtraining signs and health symptoms. The improvement of macro variables (i.e. main physiological systems) is limited and may depend on the athletes' training background and experience.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.