ArticleJournal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics2016
Causal inference with longitudinal outcomes and non-ignorable drop-out: Estimating the effect of living alone on cognitive decline.
Article in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Regional variability in the associations between social and health-related risk factors and memory across Europe.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pattern Mixture Sensitivity Analyses via Multiple Imputations for Non-Ignorable Dropout in Joint Modeling of Cognition and Risk of Dementia.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- A Bayesian semiparametric approach for inference on the population partly conditional mean from longitudinal data with dropout.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Bayesian semi-parametric G-computation for causal inference in a cohort study with MNAR dropout and death.Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics · 2021Article
- Volumetric and microstructural regional changes of the hippocampus underlying development of recall performance after extended retention intervals.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2019Article
- Person-Environment Fit Approach to Trajectories of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Who Live Alone: Intersection of Life-Course SES Disadvantage and Senior Housing.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2019Article
- Predictors of decline in self-reported health: addressing non-ignorable dropout in longitudinal studies of aging.European journal of ageing · 2018Article
- APOE-ɛ4 effects on longitudinal decline in olfactory and non-olfactory cognitive abilities in middle-aged and old adults.Scientific reports · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this paper we develop a model to estimate the causal effect of living arrangement (living alone versus living with someone) on cognitive decline based on a 15-year prospective cohort study, where episodic memory function is measured every five years. One key feature of the model is the combination of propensity score matching to balance confounding variables between the two living arrangement groups -in order to reduce bias due to unbalanced covariates at baseline, with a pattern mixture model for longitudinal data -in order to deal with non-ignorable drop-out. A fully Bayesian approach allows us to convey the uncertainty in the estimation of the propensity score and subsequent matching in the inference of the causal effect of interest. The analysis conducted here adds to previous studies in the literature concerning the protective effect of living with someone, by proposing a modeling approach treating living arrangement as an exposure.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.