Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26839246›Full record

ArticleNature communications2016

Marine mammals harbor unique microbiotas shaped by and yet distinct from the sea.

Elisabeth M Bik, Elizabeth K Costello, Alexandra D Switzer, Benjamin J Callahan, Susan P Holmes, Randall S Wells, Kevin P Carlin, Eric D Jensen, Stephanie Venn-Watson, David A Relman

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 116 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
116citing papers in PubMed
35.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

116 citing papers in PubMed, 283 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Unstable pathogen profile in spotted seal (Phoca largha) gut microbiota and limited turnover with habitat microbiome.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2025
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56 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Elisabeth M BikDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-0324
Elizabeth K CostelloDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Alexandra D SwitzerDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Benjamin J CallahanDepartment of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Susan P HolmesDepartment of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Randall S WellsSarasota Dolphin Research Program, Chicago Zoological Society, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Florida 34236, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-4181
Kevin P CarlinTranslational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California 92106, USA.
Eric D JensenSpace and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific, San Diego, California 92152, USA.
Stephanie Venn-WatsonTranslational Medicine and Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, California 92106, USA.
David A RelmanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Stanford University · USNational Marine Mammal Foundation · USVA Palo Alto Health Care System · USMote Marine Laboratory · USNaval Information Warfare Center Pacific · US

Funding

Heterogeneous in situ data: Kernals, Distances and TreesR01GM086884 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI HOLMES, SUSAN P · 2008 to 2011
$895k
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM086884
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Marine mammals play crucial ecological roles in the oceans, but little is known about their microbiotas. Here we study the bacterial communities in 337 samples from 5 body sites in 48 healthy dolphins and 18 healthy sea lions, as well as those of adjacent seawater and other hosts. The bacterial taxonomic compositions are distinct from those of other mammals, dietary fish and seawater, are highly diverse and vary according to body site and host species. Dolphins harbour 30 bacterial phyla, with 25 of them in the mouth, several abundant but poorly characterized Tenericutes species in gastric fluid and a surprisingly paucity of Bacteroidetes in distal gut. About 70% of near-full length bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences from dolphins are unique. Host habitat, diet and phylogeny all contribute to variation in marine mammal distal gut microbiota composition. Our findings help elucidate the factors structuring marine mammal microbiotas and may enhance monitoring of marine mammal health.

Indexed as

AnimalsBacteroidetesBottle-Nosed DolphinGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMicrobiotaMouthPhylogenyRespiratory SystemRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSea LionsSeawaterSequence Analysis, RNATenericutesWater MicrobiologyRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID26839246
PMCPMC4742810
OpenAlexW2287535531

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.