ReviewChest2016
Metabolic Syndrome and the Lung.
Review in Chest, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 131 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
131 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Personality associations with lung function and dyspnea: Evidence from six studies.Respiratory medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Comorbidities in psoriatic arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology international · 2021 · on this mapPooled it
- Association of Metformin Use with Asthma Exacerbation in Patients with Concurrent Asthma and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Canadian respiratory journal · 2020 · on this mapPooled it
- Changes in Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Pulmonary Function Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Korean Adults: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impulse Oscillometry Reveals Predominantly Mechanical Drivers of Small Airway Dysfunction in Obese Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association of triglyceride-glucose index with presence and development of impaired spirometry: results from Austrian LEAD cohort.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Testosterone protects from metabolic syndrome-associated lung dysfunction in a high-fat diet rabbit model.Endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Depression and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Prospective Study in the UK Biobank.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Hyperglycemia, receptor for advanced glycation end products, and small airways dysfunction in asthma.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2026Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in 89,809 individuals without self-reported overt clinical disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Consumption of ultra-processed foods and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality: the Singapore Chinese health study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Effects of metabolic syndrome and its components on pulmonary function and functional capacity in children and adolescents with obesity.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
- The relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and lung function in healthy individuals: a cross-sectional study of 89,809 participants from Kangbuk Samsung health study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Observational
- Understanding the causal effects and heterogeneity between metabolic syndrome and lung function: a nationwide prospective cohort study in China.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Associations of metabolic syndrome with lung function decline and clinical respiratory outcomes: the NHLBI Pooled Cohort Study.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Asthma Phenotypes and Biomarkers.Respiratory care · 2025Review
- Association of triglyceride glucose and obesity indices with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in US adults: data from 2013 to 2018 NHANES.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Association between life's crucial 9 and lung health: a population-based study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- The impact of the triglyceride-glucose index on the risk of respiratory failure in patients with COPD: a study from the MIMIC database and Chinese cohorts.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
71 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A link between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lung diseases has been observed in several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. This syndrome has been identified as an independent risk factor for worsening respiratory symptoms, greater lung function impairment, pulmonary hypertension, and asthma. This review will discuss several potential mechanisms to explain these associations, including dietary factors and the effect of adiposity and fat-induced inflammation on the lungs, and the role of other comorbidities that frequently coexist with MetS, such as OSA and obesity. In contrast to the well-known association between asthma and obesity, the recognition that MetS affects the lung is relatively new. Although some controversy remains as to whether MetS is a unique disease entity, its individual components have independently been associated with changes in pulmonary function or lung disease. There is, however, uncertainty as to the relative contribution that each metabolic factor has in adversely affecting the respiratory system; also, it is unclear how much of the MetS-related lung effects occur independently of obesity. In spite of these epidemiological limitations, the proposed mechanistic pathways strongly suggest that this association is likely to be causal. Given the wide prevalence of MetS in the general population, it is imperative that we continue to further understand how this metabolic disorder impacts the lung and how to prevent its complications.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.