ReviewJournal of innate immunity2016
Elie Metchnikoff, the Man and the Myth.
Review in Journal of innate immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Pooled it
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- Microbiota-Accessible Borates as Novel and Emerging Prebiotics for Healthy Longevity: Current Research Trends and Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Oral and transdermal administration of lipopolysaccharide safely enhances self-healing ability through the macrophage network.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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- Wound repair in sea urchin larvae involves pigment cells and blastocoelar cells.Developmental biology · 2022Article
- Synbiotics and Gut Microbiota: New Perspectives in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Macrophages in Skeletal Muscle Dystrophies, An Entangled Partner.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2022Review
- Evolution of Cellular Immunity Effector Cells; Perspective on Cytotoxic and Phagocytic Cellular Lineages.Cells · 2021Review
- Biocompatibility Evolves: Phenomenology to Toxicology to Regeneration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2021Review
- Remembering Metchnikoff in the time of COVID-19.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2021Article
- Neutrophils: Need for Standardized Nomenclature.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Dysbiosis From a Microbial and Host Perspective Relative to Oral Health and Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Living in a Hostile World: Inflammation, New Drug Development, and Coronavirus.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Macrophages Orchestrate Hematopoietic Programs and Regulate HSC Function During Inflammatory Stress.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The year 2016 marks the centenary of the death of Elie Metchnikoff, the father of innate immunity and discoverer of the significance of phagocytosis in development, homeostasis and disease. Through a series of intravital experiments on invertebrates and vertebrates, he described the role of specialised phagocytic cells, macrophages and microphages, subsequently renamed neutrophils and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, in the host response to injury, inflammation, infection and tissue repair. As a vigorous proponent of cellular immunity, he championed its importance versus humoral immunity in the so-called antibody wars. By 1908, when the Nobel Prize was awarded to Elie Metchnikoff and Paul Ehrlich, this debate was not yet resolved. Even earlier, Metchnikoff had turned his research interests to the process of ageing and the possible link to intestinal auto-intoxication, giving rise to the current interest in the microbiome of the gut and the use of probiotics to promote health and longevity. During the past century, Metchnikoff's reputation has waxed and waned, as lymphocyte heterogeneity, specificity and memory began to dominate the field of adaptive immunity, yet his benign visage continues to provide an iconic presence for specialists in innate immunology, whose studies have made a striking comeback in the past decade. In this review, I shall consider the nature of his studies and the person as well as the legendary description of his Eureka experience in Messina in 1882, a story loved by students and investigators alike, that marked, in his own words, his transformation from zoologist to pathologist.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.