ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2015
Relevance of Neuroinflammation and Encephalitis in Autism.
Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcriptomic metaanalyses of autistic brains reveals shared gene expression and biological pathway abnormalities with cancer.Molecular autism · 2019Pooled it
- Altered expression of histamine signaling genes in autism spectrum disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- The Protective Effects of Chlorogenic Acid in Mitigating Gut-Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Autism-Like Symptoms Caused by Early-Life Stress in Mice: A Behavioral, Histopathological, and Molecular Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Plant-derived Natural Products in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders: Mechanisms of Action and Synergistic Roles with Probiotics.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Neuro-regulator role of HCommunications biology · 2026Article
- Depression in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Neurobiological Convergence and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies.Biology · 2026Review
- Article
- The Neuroimmunology of Autism.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- The Aging Gut-Brain Axis: Effects of Dietary Polyphenols and Metal Exposure.Chronic diseases and translational medicine · 2025Review
- Maternal body mass index in early pregnancy and autism in offspring: a population-based cohort study in Sweden and Denmark.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Fingolimod Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Autistic Mice via Improving the Structure and Function of Meningeal Lymphatics.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Role of Maternal Immune Factors in Neuroimmunology of Brain Development.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Impact of gene polymorphisms involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway on the susceptibility to and severity of autism spectrum disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- BiallelicHeliyon · 2024Article
- Bioenergetic and Inflammatory Alterations in Regressed and Non-Regressed Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Targeting Microglia in Neuroinflammation: H3 Receptor Antagonists as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neonatal IL-4 Over-Exposure is Accompanied by Macrophage Accumulation in Dura Mater After Instant Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Response in CSF.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- The Impact of Microglia on Neurodevelopment and Brain Function in Autism.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, many studies indicate that children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis have brain pathology suggestive of ongoing neuroinflammation or encephalitis in different regions of their brains. Evidence of neuroinflammation or encephalitis in ASD includes: microglial and astrocytic activation, a unique and elevated proinflammatory profile of cytokines, and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. A conservative estimate based on the research suggests that at least 69% of individuals with an ASD diagnosis have microglial activation or neuroinflammation. Encephalitis, which is defined as inflammation of the brain, is medical diagnosis code G04.90 in the International Classification of Disease, 10th revision; however, children with an ASD diagnosis are not generally assessed for a possible medical diagnosis of encephalitis. This is unfortunate because if a child with ASD has neuroinflammation, then treating the underlying brain inflammation could lead to improved outcomes. The purpose of this review of the literature is to examine the evidence of neuroinflammation/encephalitis in those with an ASD diagnosis and to address how a medical diagnosis of encephalitis, when appropriate, could benefit these children by driving more immediate and targeted treatments.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.