ArticleFrontiers in molecular neuroscience2015
Restraint Stress-Induced Morphological Changes at the Blood-Brain Barrier in Adult Rats.
Article in Frontiers in molecular neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal stress alters offspring neurovascular, autonomic, and immune development in animal models of neuropsychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Immunity in Rodent Models of Stress.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Stress, stress systems, and Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Homocysteine Drives Hippocampal Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Cognitive Decline Under Chronic Stress via DNA Hypomethylation of Cav1.2.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Nitric Oxide-S-Nitrosylation and Its Role in Neuroinflammation Associated with Neuropsychiatric Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Trauma exposure, PTSD, and methylation of the blood brain barrier claudin-5 gene.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Prolonged social isolation promotes depressive-like behavior in male and female mice, with sex-related differences in the stress response.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Trauma Exposure, PTSD, and Methylation of the Blood Brain Barrier Claudin-5 Gene.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Dapagliflozin mitigates cognitive deficits in a rat model of chronic restrained stress by addressing insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Article
- Endothelial Neurogranin Regulates Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability via Modulation of the AKT Pathway.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Serum Zonulin, Claudin-5, junction Adhesion Molecule-A, Occludin and Tricellulin levels in children with autism spectrum disorder.International journal of developmental disabilities · 2025Article
- Intimate partner violence and stress-related disorders: from epigenomics to resilience.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Review
- Exploring the Anxiolytic Potential of NPY by a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor in an Animal Model of PTSD.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Unraveling the Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Pathophysiology of Depression: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective Role of Selenium Nanoparticles Against Behavioral, Neurobiochemical and Histological Alterations in Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Complement and microglia activation mediate stress-induced synapse loss in layer 2/3 of the medial prefrontal cortex in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Astrocytes in the Ventral Hippocampus Bidirectionally Regulate Innate and Stress-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Male Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Astroglial Dysfunctions in Mood Disorders and Rodent Stress Models: Consequences on Behavior and Potential as Treatment Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- [Restraint stress induces blood-brain barrier injury in rat amygdala by activating the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2024Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stress is well-known to contribute to the development of both neurological and psychiatric diseases. While the role of the blood-brain barrier is increasingly recognized in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier has been linked to stress-related psychiatric diseases only recently. In the present study the effects of restraint stress with different duration (1, 3, and 21 days) were investigated on the morphology of the blood-brain barrier in male adult Wistar rats. Frontal cortex and hippocampus sections were immunostained for markers of brain endothelial cells (claudin-5, occluding, and glucose transporter-1) and astroglia (GFAP). Staining pattern and intensity were visualized by confocal microscopy and evaluated by several types of image analysis. The ultrastructure of brain capillaries was investigated by electron microscopy. Morphological changes and intensity alterations in brain endothelial tight junction proteins claudin-5 and occludin were induced by stress. Following restraint stress significant increases in the fluorescence intensity of glucose transporter-1 were detected in brain endothelial cells in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Significant reductions in GFAP fluorescence intensity were observed in the frontal cortex in all stress groups. As observed by electron microscopy, 1-day acute stress induced morphological changes indicating damage in capillary endothelial cells in both brain regions. After 21 days of stress thicker and irregular capillary basal membranes in the hippocampus and edema in astrocytes in both regions were seen. These findings indicate that stress exerts time-dependent changes in the staining pattern of tight junction proteins occludin, claudin-5, and glucose transporter-1 at the level of brain capillaries and in the ultrastructure of brain endothelial cells and astroglial endfeet, which may contribute to neurodegenerative processes, cognitive and behavioral dysfunctions.
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