Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26833933›Full record

Trial reportInternational journal of geriatric psychiatry2016

Impact of caregiver readiness on outcomes of a nonpharmacological intervention to address behavioral symptoms in persons with dementia.

Laura N Gitlin, Karen Rose

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in International journal of geriatric psychiatry, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. Noninferiority of Online Versus In-Person Training for Health Professionals Delivering the COPE Dementia Care Program in PACE Settings.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. Open science, education, and practice · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Validating the CG-STYLE measure in family caregivers of individuals living with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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  18. The Impact of Dementia on Family Caregivers: What Is Research Teaching Us?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2016
    Review
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Laura N GitlinDepartment of Community Public Health, School of Nursing, Joint appointments, Department of Psychiatry, and Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, School of Medicine, Director, Center for Innovative Care in Aging, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Karen RoseDepartment of Psychology, Widener University, Chester, PA, USA.

Funding

Reducing Agitation in Dementia Patients at Home: The Customized Activity TrialR01AG041781 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI GITLIN, LAURA N. · 2012 to 2017
$3.3M
Reducing Family Caregiver Upset with Disruptive BehaviorR01AG022254 · NIA · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI GITLIN, LAURA N. · 2002 to 2006
$2.7M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022254NIA NIH HHS R01 AG041781
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPrevious research shows that nonpharmacological strategies may effectively manage behavioral symptoms (agitation, wandering) in persons with dementia and improve caregiver wellbeing. However, strategies depend upon caregivers for their implementation. We examine the impact of caregiver readiness to use nonpharmacological strategies on treatment outcomes.

methodsData were from a randomized trial involving 110 family caregivers in the treatment group which received nonpharmacologic strategies for managing behavioral symptoms. Interventionists rated caregiver readiness to use nonpharmacologic strategies as pre-action (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation) or action at treatment initiation and conclusion. Caregivers in pre-action and action stages by treatment conclusion (16 weeks) were compared on proximal (frequency of, and caregiver upset and confidence with targeted behaviors) and more distal (caregiver burden and wellbeing) outcomes at 16 and 24-week follow-ups.

resultsBy treatment conclusion, 28.2% (n = 31) and 71.8% (n = 79) of caregivers were rated at pre-action and action respectively. Means for proximal outcomes differed between the groups at 16 and 24 weeks; those at action showed greater improvement on all proximal and distal outcomes. Hierarchical regressions showed significant relationships of readiness to targeted outcomes. By 24 weeks, caregiver readiness predicted lower frequency estimates of targeted behaviors (β = -.180, p = .041) and higher confidence (β = .27, p = .009). Readiness was not a significant predictor of caregiver burden and wellbeing at 16 or 24 weeks.

conclusionBy treatment conclusion, >25% of participants were not activated to use nonpharmacologic strategies. Activated caregivers reported greater decline in distressing behavioral symptoms, and more confidence than non-activated participants. Activation is needed to impact behavioral management but not other caregiver outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalAgedAged, 80 and overBehavioral SymptomsCaregiversDementiaDisease ManagementFemaleHumansMaleMental DisordersMiddle AgedPsychomotor AgitationRegression AnalysisTreatment OutcomeWandering Behaviorbehavior changecaregivingdementianonpharmacologic interventions

Identifiers

PMID26833933
PMCPMC4970967

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.