ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2016
A trip down memory lane about sex differences in the brain.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of reproductive experience on cost-benefit decision making in female rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2024Article
- Adolescent stress accelerates postpartum novelty recognition impairment in 5xFAD mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Sex Differences in Acute Neuroendocrine Responses to Stressors in Rodents and Humans.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2022Article
- In search of sex-related mediators of affective illness.Biology of sex differences · 2021Review
- Sex differences in fear memory consolidation via Tac2 signaling in mice.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Effects of Biological Sex and Stress Exposure on Ventromedial Prefrontal Regulation of Mood-Related Behaviors.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2021Review
- Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Evidence for Similar Prefrontal Structural and Functional Alterations in Male and Female Rats Following Chronic Stress or Glucocorticoid Exposure.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2020Article
- Sex differences in the traumatic stress response: the role of adult gonadal hormones.Biology of sex differences · 2018Article
- Sex differences in the traumatic stress response: PTSD symptoms in women recapitulated in female rats.Biology of sex differences · 2018Article
- Sex differences in the brain: Implications for behavioral and biomedical research.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2018Review
- Socially Housed Female Macaques: a Translational Model for the Interaction of Chronic Stress and Estrogen in Aging.Current psychiatry reports · 2017Review
- Understanding the broad influence of sex hormones and sex differences in the brain.Journal of neuroscience research · 2017Review
- Sex in the brain: hormones and sex differences.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2016Review
- Sex differences in the developing brain as a source of inherent risk.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience · 2016Review
- Sex in Context: Limitations of Animal Studies for Addressing Human Sex/Gender Neurobehavioral Health Disparities.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2016Article
- Multifaceted origins of sex differences in the brain.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2016Review
- Sexual Conspecific Aggressive Response (SCAR): A Model of Sexual Trauma that Disrupts Maternal Learning and Plasticity in the Female Brain.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Scientific studies funded by the United States government must now include both males and females as experimental subjects. This is a welcomed change for those of us who have been reporting on sex differences for decades. That said, there are some issues to consider; I focus on one in this review: females used in animal models of mental illness and health are almost always virgins and yet most adult females around the world, irrespective of species, are not virgins. I am not advocating that all scientists include non-virgin females in laboratory studies, but rather to consider the dynamic nature of the female brain when drawing conclusions through discovery. Stressful life experiences, including those related to sexual aggression and trauma, can have a lasting impact on processes of learning related to mental health and plasticity in the female brain. Her response to stress can change rather dramatically as she emerges from puberty to become pregnant and produce offspring, as she must learn to care for those offspring. The inclusion of females in scientific research has been a long time coming but it comes with a history. Going forward, we should take advantage of that history to generate hypotheses that are both reasonable and meaningful.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.