ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2016
Epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of Brain DNA Methylation Across Sex, Age, and Alzheimer's Disease Points for Accelerated Epigenetic Aging in Neurodegeneration.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Pooled it
- On the importance of including both sexes in animal studies - insights from home-cage monitoring.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Sex chromosome-dependent epigenetic regulation underlies sex-specific H4 acetylation at the aromatase promoter in the developing mouse amygdala.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- A Case Report of Tissue Mosaicism in 45,X0/46,XY: Diagnostic Complexity in a Newborn with Ambiguous Genitalia.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Interplay between prenatal bisphenol exposure, postnatal maternal care, and offspring sex in predicting DNA methylation relevant to anxiety-like behavior in rats.Hormones and behavior · 2025Article
- Feminization of social play behavior depends on microglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Detection Algorithms for Simple Two-Group Comparisons Using Spontaneous Reporting Systems.Drug safety · 2024Review
- The genetics and hormonal basis of human gender identity.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Machine learning reveals common transcriptomic signatures across rat brain and placenta following developmental organophosphate ester exposure.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the intergenerational link between maternal and neonatal whole blood DNA methylation: a genome-wide analysis in 2 birth cohorts.Clinical epigenetics · 2023Article
- The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Sex-specific DNA methylation: impact on human health and development.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2022Review
- Review
- Protocadherin 19 Clustering Epilepsy and Neurosteroids: Opportunities for Intervention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Neural Contributions of the Hypothalamus to Parental Behaviour.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Raloxifene is a Female-specific Proteostasis Therapeutic in the Spinal Cord.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- Effect of adverse childhood experiences and DNA methylation on male sexual orientation.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2021Article
- Environmental Cues and Mechanisms Underpinning Sex Change in Fish.Sexual development : genetics, molecular biology, evolution, endocrinology, embryology, and pathology of sex determination and differentiation · 2021Review
- Sexual differentiation of brain and other tissues: Five questions for the next 50 years.Hormones and behavior · 2020Review
- Mini-review: Epigenetic mechanisms that promote transgenerational actions of endocrine disrupting chemicals: Applications to behavioral neuroendocrinology.Hormones and behavior · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circumstantial evidence alone argues that the establishment and maintenance of sex differences in the brain depend on epigenetic modifications of chromatin structure. More direct evidence has recently been obtained from two types of studies: those manipulating a particular epigenetic mechanism, and those examining the genome-wide distribution of specific epigenetic marks. The manipulation of histone acetylation or DNA methylation disrupts the development of several neural sex differences in rodents. Taken together, however, the evidence suggests there is unlikely to be a simple formula for masculine or feminine development of the brain and behaviour; instead, underlying epigenetic mechanisms may vary by brain region or even by dependent variable within a region. Whole-genome studies related to sex differences in the brain have only very recently been reported, but suggest that males and females may use different combinations of epigenetic modifications to control gene expression, even in cases where gene expression does not differ between the sexes. Finally, recent findings are discussed that are likely to direct future studies on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in sexual differentiation of the brain and behaviour.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.