ArticleRice (New York, N.Y.)2016
Phylogenetic analysis and protein structure modelling identifies distinct Ca(2+)/Cation antiporters and conservation of gene family structure within Arabidopsis and rice species.
Article in Rice (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- CAX1 beyond calcium transport: evidence for a transport-independent regulatory module in plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Time-Series Elemental Imaging Reveals CAX-Dependent Redistribution Patterns for Anoxia Recovery.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of the calcium/cation antiporter superfamily in Brassicaceae: codon usage, selection pressure, andFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of CaPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Functional differentiation and genetic diversity of rice cation exchanger (CAX) genes and their potential use in rice improvement.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Integrated Analysis of Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Rice with Different Salinity Tolerances.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Identification ofGenes · 2023Article
- The vacuolar H+/Ca transporter CAX1 participates in submergence and anoxia stress responses.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Structure, Function, and Applications of Soybean Calcium Transporters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Candidate Genes and Pathways in Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt Identified by gcHap Network.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Redefining the N-Terminal Regulatory Region of the CaFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- The Rice Cation/HInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The CaCA superfamily genes in Saccharum: comparative analysis and their functional implications in response to biotic and abiotic stress.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Genome-wide analysis of the apple CaCA superfamily reveals that MdCAX proteins are involved in the abiotic stress response as calcium transporters.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- Phylogenetic and ion-response analyses reveal a relationship between gene expansion and functional divergence in the CaPlant molecular biology · 2021Article
- Cation/CaFrontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- Article
- Manganese in Plants: From Acquisition to Subcellular Allocation.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
- Characterization and Expression Analysis of the CaPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Salt-Induced Damage is Alleviated by Short-Term Pre-Cold Treatment in Bermudagrass (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe Ca(2+)/Cation Antiporter (CaCA) superfamily is an ancient and widespread family of ion-coupled cation transporters found in nearly all kingdoms of life. In animals, K(+)-dependent and K(+)-indendent Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchangers (NCKX and NCX) are important CaCA members. Recently it was proposed that all rice and Arabidopsis CaCA proteins should be classified as NCX proteins. Here we performed phylogenetic analysis of CaCA genes and protein structure homology modelling to further characterise members of this transporter superfamily.
findingsPhylogenetic analysis of rice and Arabidopsis CaCAs in comparison with selected CaCA members from non-plant species demonstrated that these genes form clearly distinct families, with the H(+)/Cation exchanger (CAX) and cation/Ca(2+) exchanger (CCX) families dominant in higher plants but the NCKX and NCX families absent. NCX-related Mg(2+)/H(+) exchanger (MHX) and CAX-related Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger-like (NCL) proteins are instead present. Analysis of genomes of ten closely-related rice species and four Arabidopsis-related species found that CaCA gene family structures are highly conserved within related plants, apart from minor variation. Protein structures were modelled for OsCAX1a and OsMHX1. Despite exhibiting broad structural conservation, there are clear structural differences observed between the different CaCA types.
conclusionsMembers of the CaCA superfamily form clearly distinct families with different phylogenetic, structural and functional characteristics, and therefore should not be simply classified as NCX proteins, which should remain as a separate gene family.
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