ArticleBMJ open2016
Secular trends in smoking during pregnancy according to income and ethnic group: four population-based perinatal surveys in a Brazilian city.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rural-Urban Disparities in Perinatal Smoking in the United States: Trends and Determinants.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Social capital and oral health-related quality of life in pregnant women using public health services.Brazilian oral research · 2025Article
- Trend and disparities for smoking during pregnancy in the extreme south of Brazil between 2007 and 2019.Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Evolution of care during pregnancy and childbirth in the extreme south of Brazil.Revista de saude publica · 2021Article
- Maternal smoking and preterm birth: An unresolved health challenge.PLoS medicine · 2020Article
- Maternal pregnancy smoking in three Brazilian cities: trends and differences according to education, income, and age.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Hospital admissions in the first year of life: inequalities over three decades in a southern Brazilian city.International journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- The associations between maternal lifestyles and antenatal stress and anxiety in Chinese pregnant women: A cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Education is the strongest socio-economic predictor of smoking in pregnancy.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2018Article
- Changes in leisure-time physical activity among Brazilian pregnant women: comparison between two birth cohort studies (2004 - 2015).BMC public health · 2017Article
- Quantifying the Spatial Inequality and Temporal Trends in Maternal Smoking Rates in Glasgow.The annals of applied statistics · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in smoking during pregnancy over three decades (1982-2011).
settingPopulation-based study in Pelotas City, Brazil.
participantsAll urban women giving birth in the city hospitals in 1982 (5909), 1993 (5223) and 2004 (4201), plus all urban and rural women delivering from January 2011 to April 2012 (6275). PRIMARY OUTCOME: Self-reported smoking during pregnancy.
resultsThe prevalence of smoking during pregnancy fell from 35.7% in 1982 to 21.0% in 2011. In each survey, prevalence decreased with increasing income (p<0.001). In the poorest quintile, smoking fell by 27.4% in the period studied compared to 67.1% in the wealthiest quintile. In all surveys, prevalence was lower among white women than among those who classified themselves as black or brown (p<0.001). Over time, smoking declined by 50.0% among the former and 30.7% among the latter. Absolute and relative inequalities both increased over time.
conclusionsThe reduction in smoking during pregnancy was primarily due to a decline among white, high-income women. Further efforts are needed to reduce smoking among all population groups.
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