Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26831727›Full record

SynthesisBMC oral health2016

Caries remineralisation and arresting effect in children by professionally applied fluoride treatment - a systematic review.

Sherry Shiqian Gao, Shinan Zhang, May Lei Mei, Edward Chin-Man Lo, Chun-Hung Chu

4 registry-linked trialsOpen access · goldAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC oral health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 153 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
153citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
26.6field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03720379 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2018, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of Fluor Protector S in the Prevention of Tooth Decay in Adolescents

TypeinterventionalSponsorMedical University of WarsawRan2018 to 2020Enrolled168ConditionsDental Caries, FluorArmsFluor Protector S, Placebo
NCT04804423 phase2 / phase3completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Fluoride Therapies on Hypersensitive Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity Medicine GreifswaldRan2020 to 2021Enrolled30ConditionsDentin Hypersensitivity, Active Dental CariesArms38% Silver Fluoride and Potassium Iodide solution (generic name, Riva Star®), Sodium fluoride varnish (generic name, Duraphat®)
NCT05748054 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Early Childhood Caries in Jordanian Children: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Prevention Using Silver Diamine Fluoride

TypeinterventionalSponsorKing Abdullah University HospitalRan2019 to 2021Enrolled159ConditionsEarly Childhood CariesArmsSilver Diamine Fluoride
NCT07194629 phase4not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Impact of Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) 38% Application on the Oral Health of the Elderly With Loss of Autonomy Living in Long-term Care Homes (CHSLDs): A Pilot and Feasibility Effectiveness Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversité de MontréalRan2025 to 2026Enrolled60ConditionsDental Caries, Elderly, Loss of Autonomy, Silver Diamine FluorideArmsSilver diamine Fluoride 38%, placebo solution
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

153 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 352 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Non- and minimally invasive management of hypersensitivity in molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) at home and in clinical practice: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
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  17. Influence of knowledge about silver diamine fluoride on the acceptance and perception of Brazilian children's guardians: a randomized controlled clinical trial.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025
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93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sherry Shiqian GaoFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. gao1204@hku.hk.
Shinan ZhangFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. zhangsn2000@gmail.com.
May Lei MeiFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. mei1123@hku.hk.
Edward Chin-Man LoFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. hrdplcm@hku.hk.
Chun-Hung ChuFaculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. chchu@hku.hk.
University of Hong Kong · HK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAs a low-cost and easily operated treatment, the use of professionally applied topical fluoride was approved for preventing dental caries and remineralising early enamel caries or white spot lesions. It is also used to arrest dentine caries. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of professional fluoride therapy in remineralising and arresting caries in children.

methodA systematic search of publications from 1948 to 2014 was conducted using four databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science and Embase. The key words used were (fluoride) AND (remineralisation OR remineralization OR arresting) AND (children caries OR early childhood caries). The title and abstract of initially identified publications were screened. Clinical trials about home-use fluorides, laboratory studies, case reports, reviews, non-English articles and irrelevant studies were excluded. The full texts of the remaining papers were retrieved. Manual screening was conducted on the bibliographies of the remaining papers to identify relevant articles.

resultsA total of 2177 papers were found, and 17 randomised clinical trials were included in this review. Ten studies investigated the remineralising effect on early enamel caries using silicon tetrafluoride, fluoride gel, silver diamine fluoride or sodium fluoride. Seven studies reported an arresting effect on dentine caries using silver diamine fluoride or nano-silver fluoride. Meta-analysis was performed on four papers using 5 % sodium fluoride varnish to remineralise early enamel caries, and the overall percentage of remineralised enamel caries was 63.6 % (95 % CI: 36.0 % - 91.2 %; p < 0.001). Meta-analysis was also performed on five papers using 38 % silver diamine fluoride to arrest dentine caries and the overall proportion of arrested dentine caries was 65.9 % (95 % CI: 41.2 % - 90.7 %; p < 0.001).

conclusionProfessionally applied 5 % sodium fluoride varnish can remineralise early enamel caries and 38 % silver diamine fluoride is effective in arresting dentine caries.

Indexed as

Tooth RemineralizationCariostatic AgentsChildDental CareDental CariesFluorides, TopicalHumansQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSilver CompoundsSodium FluorideCariostatic AgentsFluorides, TopicalQuaternary Ammonium CompoundsSilver Compoundssilver diamine fluorideSodium Fluoride

Identifiers

PMID26831727
PMCPMC4736084
OpenAlexW2272784867

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.