ArticleInfection and immunity2016
Comparison of RELMα and RELMβ Single- and Double-Gene-Deficient Mice Reveals that RELMα Expression Dictates Inflammation and Worm Expulsion in Hookworm Infection.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Tuft cells contribute to the pathogenesis of human primary and experimental murine Sjögren's disease.Journal of dental sciences · 2026Article
- Immunomodulation of Macrophages in Diabetic Wound Individuals by Structurally Diverse Bioactive Phytochemicals.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity.Immunity · 2024Article
- Targeting helminths: The expanding world of type 2 immune effector mechanisms.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Choline metabolism underpins macrophage IL-4 polarization and RELMα up-regulation in helminth infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Th2-dependent STAT6-regulated genes in intestinal epithelial cells mediate larval trapping during secondary Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri infection.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Resistin-like molecules: a marker, mediator and therapeutic target for multiple diseases.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- The Mechanisms of Resistin-Like Molecule-β-Mediated Airway Inflammation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease via Autophagy.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
- Myeloid- and epithelial-derived RELMα contribute to tissue repair following lung helminth infection.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Article
- Trickle infection withFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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- Macrophage-Regulatory T Cell Interactions Promote Type 2 Immune Homeostasis Through Resistin-Like Molecule α.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Resistin family proteins in pulmonary diseases.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2020Review
- Article
- NK cell recruitment limits tissue damage during an enteric helminth infection.Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Eosinophils and Macrophages within the Th2-Induced Granuloma: Balancing Killing and Healing in a Tight Space.Infection and immunity · 2019Review
- Susceptibility to L. sigmodontis infection is highest in animals lacking IL-4R/IL-5 compared to single knockouts of IL-4R, IL-5 or eosinophils.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Macrophages in wound healing: activation and plasticity.Immunology and cell biology · 2019Review
- Selective expression of constitutively activated STAT6 in intestinal epithelial cells promotes differentiation of secretory cells and protection against helminths.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
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5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Resistin-like molecules (RELMs) are highly expressed following helminth infection, where they impact both the host and helminth. While RELMα (Retnla) impairs helminth expulsion by inhibiting protective Th2 immunity, RELMβ (Retnlb) can promote its expulsion. We employed Retnla(-/-) and Retnlb(-/-) mice to delineate the function of both proteins following infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, a hookworm that infects the lung and intestine. Whereas wild-type (WT) and Retnlb(-/-)mice exhibited equivalent infection-induced inflammation, Retnla(-/-) mice suffered a heightened inflammatory response, including increased mortality, weight loss, and lung inflammation. In the intestine, Retnla(-/-)mice had low parasite egg burdens compared to those of WT mice, while Retnlb(-/-) mice exhibited high egg burdens, suggesting that RELMα and RELMβ have functionally distinct effects on immunity and inflammation to N. brasiliensis To test the importance of both proteins, we generated Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice. Infected Retnla(-/-)Retnlb(-/-) mice exhibited similar responses to Retnla(-/-) mice, including increased mortality and lung inflammation. This inflammatory response in Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice negatively impacted N. brasiliensis fitness, as demonstrated by significantly lower worm ATP levels and decreased intestinal worm burden and fecundity. Lung cytokine analysis revealed that Retnla(-/-) and Retnla(-/-) Retnlb(-/-) mice expressed significantly increased levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4). Finally, we generated Retnla(-/-) mice on the Rag(-/-) background and observed that the effects of RELMα were abrogated in the absence of adaptive immunity. Together, these data demonstrate that RELMα but not RELMβ significantly impacts the immune response toN. brasiliensis infection by downregulating the Th2 adaptive immune response in the lung, which protects the host but allows improved parasite fitness.
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