ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2016
Association Between Serum Levels of Testosterone and Estradiol With Meibomian Gland Assessments in Postmenopausal Women.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-related differences and hormonal effects in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) study.The British journal of ophthalmology · 2023Trial
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanisms and Safety of Therapeutic Strategies in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Ophthalmic research · 2026Review
- Dry Eye in Post-menopausal Women Visiting Community Eye Centre: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Does Menopausal Status Affect Dry Eye Disease Treatment Outcomes with OC-01 (Varenicline Solution) Nasal Spray? A Post Hoc Analysis of ONSET-1 and ONSET-2 Clinical Trials.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- The Potential Role of Regulated Cell Death in Dry Eye Diseases and Ocular Surface Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Sex Hormones and Their Effects on Ocular Disorders and Pathophysiology: Current Aspects and Our Experience.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Morphology of Meibomian Glands in a 65-Year-Old Norwegian Population without Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Alterations in meibomian glands in patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for head and neck cancer.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Evaluation of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in female androgenetic alopecia patients.International ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Sex Hormones Related Ocular Dryness in Breast Cancer Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Dry Eye Disease: Consideration for Women's Health.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Review
- Morphology and Function of Meibomian Glands and Other Tear Film Parameters in Junior High School Students.Cornea · 2017Article
- Effects of gonadectomy and testosterone treatment on aquaporin expression in the kidney of normotensive and hypertensive rats.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2017Article
- A clinical utility assessment of the automatic measurement method of the quality of Meibomian glands.Biomedical engineering online · 2017Article
- Evaluation of the tear parameters of ovulation induction patients in a short time period with anterior segment optical coherence tomography.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologiaArticle
- Dry Eye Syndrome in Menopause and Perimenopausal Age Group.Journal of mid-life healthReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aims of this analysis were to determine if there is an association between serum levels of testosterone and estradiol with meibomian gland (MG) morphology and lipid layer thickness.
methodsThe data used for this analysis were collected from postmenopausal women with and without dry eye disease. Meibography was used to assess MG dropout on the central two-thirds of the eyelid and biomicroscopy was used for assessing MG expressibility and meibum quality. Venous blood samples were drawn for serum hormone level analysis. The Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlations were used for statistical analysis.
resultsOne hundred ninety-eight postmenopausal women with an average age of 61.2 (± 9.1) years were included in this analysis. Testosterone levels showed significant differences between MG dropout grades 1 and 4 (P = 0.002) and grades 2 and 4 (P = 0.01), whereas estradiol levels were different based on MG dropout (P = 0.53). No significant correlations were found between testosterone (r = 0.10, P = 0.17) or estradiol (r = 0.05, P = 0.45) and lipid layer thickness.
conclusionsTestosterone levels were increased with MG dropout, which was significant between the mild and severe dropout groups, whereas no significant differences were found with estradiol and any MG assessment. Although the literature suggests an association of serum hormone levels and pathogenesis of dry eye disease in postmenopausal women, analysis of active sex steroid precursors and local tissue hormone levels may prove more useful.
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