ArticleInternational journal of cancer2016
Reproductive factors, hormone use and gastric cancer risk: The Singapore Chinese Health Study.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of hormone replacement therapy with risk of gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental etiology of gastric cancer in Iran: a systematic review focusing on drinking water, soil, food, radiation, and geographical conditions.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- The origins and progression of pyloric metaplasia following gastric mucosal injury.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Gastrointestinal cancers in women: The role of sex hormones.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Molecular Characteristics, Potential Mechanisms, and Prognostic Gene Model of Younger Female Patients With Gastric Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Impact of high sodium intake on stomach cancer burden in China: A comprehensive analysis from 1990 to 2021.PloS one · 2026Article
- Sex and Age Differences in Clinicopathological Characteristics of Gastric Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Age-Stratified Clinicopathological Features and Efficacy of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Resectable Gastric Cancer: An East-West Population-Based Study.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Global burden and future trends of gastric cancer in women of reproductive age: estimates from the GBD 2021 Study, 1990-2050.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Hotspots and trends of risk factors in gastric cancer: A visualization and bibliometric analysis.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- [Sex-specific differences of special tumor diseases].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics, survival outcomes, and genetic alterations of younger patients with gastric cancer: Results from the China National Cancer Center and cBioPortal datasets.Cancer medicine · 2022Article
- Sex Disparity in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of oncology · 2022Review
- Review
- Exploring the Biological Activity and Mechanism of Xenoestrogens and Phytoestrogens in Cancers: Emerging Methods and Concepts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Gastric cancer: lessons learned from high-incidence geographic regions.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2021Review
- Assessment of hydrogeochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater resources in relation to risk of gastric cancer: comparative analysis of high- and low-risk areas in Iran.Environmental geochemistry and health · 2021Article
- Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of younger patients with gastric cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
- Prognosis factors of advanced gastric cancer according to sex and age.World journal of clinical cases · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gastric cancer incidence varies greatly worldwide, but is consistently twice as high in men than in women. The hormone-related factors hypothesized to be associated with lower risk of gastric cancer in women have not been fully explored in populations with a high background risk of gastric cancer. The Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) is a prospective cohort study in which 34,022 of the participants enrolled between 1993 and 1998 were women between 45 and 74 years of age. Information on reproductive histories, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptive (OC) use was collected through in-person interviews at baseline. As of December 31, 2013, 269 incident gastric cancer cases were identified. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate gastric cancer risk associations. Older age at natural menopause (≥55 versus <45 years: HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.25-0.99), type of menopause (other versus natural: HR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.87) and greater years of menstrual cycling (fourth versus first quartile: HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.46-0.96) were associated with a decreased risk of gastric cancer. Ever use of OCs and HRT was also associated with reduced risk of gastric cancer; the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were 0.40 (0.17-0.90) for use of HRT >3 years and 0.67 (0.47-0.94) for ever use of OCs, compared with never use. Reproductive factors associated with a longer window of fertility and the use of exogenous hormones were shown to reduce gastric cancer development in a cohort of Chinese women with a high background risk of gastric cancer.
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