ArticlePLoS pathogens2016
IFNs Modify the Proteome of Legionella-Containing Vacuoles and Restrict Infection Via IRG1-Derived Itaconic Acid.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 153 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
153 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 256 citations in OpenAlex.
- The cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the regulation of pulmonary infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The common HAQ STING variant impairs cGAS-dependent antibacterial responses and is associated with susceptibility to Legionnaires' disease in humans.PLoS pathogens · 2018Trial
- Itaconate and its derivatives in human health and diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Phagocytosis: a process that shapes immune responses to engulfed meals.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Itaconate modifications: Mechanisms and applications.Journal of intensive medicine · 2026Review
- LCN2-ACOD1 Signalling Affects the Post-Injury Regeneration of Skeletal Muscle Through Mediating Ferroptosis.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Type I interferons in tuberculosis pathogenesis and prevention.Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Immune-adaptive pathogen variation reveals targetable mediators of gram-positive bacterial killing in macrophages.Science advances · 2026Article
- How do immunometabolites shape bacterial infections?PLoS biology · 2026Article
- IRG1-itaconate axis in immunometabolism: mechanistic roles and therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dissecting antimicrobial logic: species-specific strategies for intracellular pathogen defense.mSphere · 2025Review
- Itaconate utilisation by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires uptake via the IctPQM TRAP transporter.The Biochemical journal · 2025Article
- Itaconic Acid: A Regulator of Immune Responses and Inflammatory Metabolism.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The dual role of type I interferons in bacterial infections: from immune defense to pathogenesis.mBio · 2025Review
- Outer membrane vesicles of Glaesserlla parasuis activate the endosomal cGAS-STING-IRF3 pathway through nucleic acid payload delivery: a biological perspective on host defense protocol optimization.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- The metabolite itaconate is a transcriptional and posttranslational modulator of plant metabolism, development, and stress response.Science advances · 2025Article
- Pathogen adaptation to lung metabolites.Current opinion in microbiology · 2025Review
- Metabolic adaptations driving innate immune memory: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Review
- ACOD1-mediated lysosomal membrane permeabilization contributes toProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
93 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages can be niches for bacterial pathogens or antibacterial effector cells depending on the pathogen and signals from the immune system. Here we show that type I and II IFNs are master regulators of gene expression during Legionella pneumophila infection, and activators of an alveolar macrophage-intrinsic immune response that restricts bacterial growth during pneumonia. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed that both IFNs substantially modify Legionella-containing vacuoles, and comparative analyses reveal distinct subsets of transcriptionally and spatially IFN-regulated proteins. Immune-responsive gene (IRG)1 is induced by IFNs in mitochondria that closely associate with Legionella-containing vacuoles, and mediates production of itaconic acid. This metabolite is bactericidal against intravacuolar L. pneumophila as well as extracellular multidrug-resistant Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Our study explores the overall role IFNs play in inducing substantial remodeling of bacterial vacuoles and in stimulating production of IRG1-derived itaconic acid which targets intravacuolar pathogens. IRG1 or its product itaconic acid might be therapeutically targetable to fight intracellular and drug-resistant bacteria.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.