ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Induction of IL-10 and TGFβ from CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T Cells Correlates with Parasite Load in Indian Kala-azar Patients Infected with Leishmania donovani.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological Activity of Vaccine Systems Containing Liposomal Nanocarriers against Protozoan-induced Diseases: A Systematic Review.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Pooled it
- IgG3 and IL10 are effective biomarkers for monitoring therapeutic effectiveness in Post Kala-Azar Dermal Leishmaniasis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Trial
- An Insight Into Systemic Immune Response inFrontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Cyclodextrin-AmB-IL-10 antagonist peptide nanoparticles treat leishmaniasis more effectively than conventional AmB.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Immune-Pathological Correlates of Disease Severity in New-World Kala-Azar: The Role of Parasite Load and Cytokine Profiles.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of Eimeria maxima surface antigen (EmSAG) as an IFN-γ inhibitory molecule on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and T cell subsets in chickens.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- High detection rate of parasitic load by qPCR targeting 18S rDNA in blood of patients with active leishmaniasis lesions.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- High resolution capillary western blot analysis of antibody reactivity in human visceral leishmaniasis.Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo · 2025Article
- Functional and phenotypic analysis of CD4 T cell dynamics in peripheral blood of human visceral leishmaniasis patients confers increased frequencies of CD25 expressing regulatory T cells that contribute to disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Apolipoprotein E Is Upregulated in Blood and Circulating Monocytes of Indian Patients With Visceral Leishmaniasis.Parasite immunology · 2024Article
- The development and maintenance of immunity against visceral leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Wuchereria bancrofti infection is associated with progression to clinical visceral leishmaniasis in VL- endemic areas in Muzaffarpur, Bihar, India.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- From Infection to Death: An Overview of the Pathogenesis of Visceral Leishmaniasis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Cytokines and Signaling Networks Regulating Disease Outcomes in Leishmaniasis.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Multiparametric analysis of host and parasite elements in new world tegumentary leishmaniasis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- T Lymphocyte Exhaustion During Human and Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Parasitomimetics: Can We Utilize Parasite-Derived Immunomodulatory Molecules for Interventions to Immunological Disorders?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Proteomic Analysis of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles From Mice WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Wenyang Huazhuo Tuihuang Formula Inhibits the Th17/Treg Cell Imbalance and Protects against Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is distinguished by a complex interplay of immune response and parasite multiplication inside host cells. However, the direct association between different immunological correlates and parasite numbers remains largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe examined the plasma levels of different disease promoting/protective as well as Th17 cytokines and found IL-10, TGFβ and IL-17 to be significantly correlated with parasite load in VL patients (r = 0.52, 0.53 and 0.51 for IL-10, TGFβ and IL-17, respectively). We then extended our investigation to a more antigen-specific response and found leishmanial antigen stimulated levels of both IL-10 and TGFβ to be significantly associated with parasite load (r = 0.71 and 0.72 for IL-10 and TGFβ respectively). In addition to cytokines we also looked for different cellular subtypes that could contribute to cytokine secretion and parasite persistence. Our observations manifested an association between different Treg cell markers and disease progression as absolute numbers of CD4+CD25+ (r = 0.55), CD4+CD25hi (r = 0.61) as well as percentages of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells (r = 0.68) all correlated with parasite load. Encouraged by these results, we investigated a link between these immunological components and interestingly found both CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells to secrete significantly (p<0.05) higher amounts of not only IL-10 but also TGFβ in comparison to corresponding CD25- T cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings shed some light on source(s) of TGFβ and suggest an association between these disease promoting cytokines and Treg cells with parasite load during active disease. Moreover, the direct evidence of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells as a source of IL-10 and TGFβ during active VL could open new avenues for immunotherapy towards cure of this potentially fatal disease.
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