ArticlePloS one2016
Effect of O. porcinus Tick Salivary Gland Extract on the African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Domestic Pig.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Unlocking the Black Box: The Molecular Dialogue Between ASFV and Its Tick Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Generation of Virus-Infected Ticks: Synchronous Infection and Feeding on Viremic Animals.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Discovery of the Role of Tick Salivary Glands in Enhancement of Virus Transmission-Beginning of an Exciting Story.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A simple non-invasive method to collect soft tick saliva reveals differences inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Expounding the role of tick in Africa swine fever virus transmission and seeking effective prevention measures: A review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A preliminary evaluation of tick cement-cone protein extract for a vaccine againstIranian journal of veterinary research · 2022Article
- Detection of African swine fever virus in pigs in Southwest Nigeria.Veterinary world · 2021Article
- ASF Exit Strategy: Providing cumulative evidence of the absence of African swine fever virus circulation in wild boar populations using standard surveillance measures.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2021Article
- No Experimental Evidence of Co-Feeding Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus betweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Tick-Borne Viruses and Biological Processes at the Tick-Host-Virus Interface.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- The Essential Role of Tick Salivary Glands and Saliva in Tick Feeding and Pathogen Transmission.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
- Emerging Tick-Borne Viruses in the Twenty-First Century.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African swine fever is a haemorrhagic disease in pig production that can have disastrous financial consequences for farming. No vaccines are currently available and animal slaughtering or area zoning to restrict risk-related movements are the only effective measures to prevent the spread of the disease. Ornithodoros soft ticks are known to transmit the African swine fever virus (ASFV) to pigs in farms, following the natural epidemiologic cycle of the virus. Tick saliva has been shown to modulate the host physiological and immunological responses during feeding on skin, thus affecting viral infection. To better understand the interaction between soft tick, ASFV and pig at the bite location and the possible influence of tick saliva on pig infection by ASFV, salivary gland extract (SGE) of Ornithodoros porcinus, co-inoculated or not with ASFV, was used for intradermal auricular inoculation. Our results showed that, after the virus triggered the disease, pigs inoculated with virus and SGE presented greater hyperthermia than pigs inoculated with virus alone. The density of Langerhans cells was modulated at the tick bite or inoculation site, either through recruitment by ASFV or inhibition by SGE. Additionally, SGE and virus induced macrophage recruitment each. This effect was enhanced when they were co-inoculated. Finally, the co-inoculation of SGE and virus delayed the early local spread of virus to the first lymph node on the inoculation side. This study has shown that the effect of SGE was powerful enough to be quantified in pig both on the systemic and local immune response. We believe this model should be developed with infected tick and could improve knowledge of both tick vector competence and tick saliva immunomodulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.